770 research outputs found
Biodiversity protection: measurement of output
The term biodiversity conservation can be applied to efforts to conserve genetic
diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. This paper focuses on
efforts to conserve species and ecosystem diversity. Efforts to reduce, or halt
this rapid loss of species and ecosystems involve significant costs. Environment
Department staff of the World Bank report that in Africa alone it has financed
or managed for the Global Environmental Facility, 118 projects with
biodiversity elements worth US 72.5
million or 46.8% of the Department of Conservation budget Department of
Conservation (1998a).
These expenditures are argued to be insufficient to stem the losses of
biodiversity. Globally, extrapolation of loss rates to numbers of species currently
at risk, suggests that biodiversity losses will climb to 200-1500 times the
background level and wipe out all currently threatened species (Pimm et al 1995
quoted in Ministry for the Environment 1997). The New Zealand Department
of Conservation (1998a) judge that .. , "[w]hile there is a lack of detailed
information .. , current conservation efforts are insufficient to stem the decline
in the health of indigenous biodiversity on the publicly conserved estate."
Annual expenditures on possum and feral goat control are only sufficient to
cover two thirds and half respectively of the areas necessary to provide
sustainable control of those pests Department of Conservation (1998a). The
Draft Biodiversity Strategy released on 20 January 1999 outlines proposals to
halt the decline of indigenous New Zealand biodiversity. The NPV of the
proposed expenditures over 20 years is $412 million MFE/DOC (1999). Halting
biodiversity decline will be costly.
Because resources available for biodiversity protection are limited, economic
efficiency questions are asked about biodiversity protection projects and
programmes. A US ecologist Dr Jared Diamond, has offered high praise for
some aspects of New Zealand's conservation management ... "The
contributions of New Zealand's conservation biologists [have provided] the
most imaginative and cost-effective conservation programme in the world"
(Diamond 1990).
Surprisingly little research appears to exist documenting the performance or
the cost effectiveness of conservation programmes. But the quotations above
illustrate that despite problems of data availability, judgments are made on the
contribution and merit of biodiversity protection activities. Given the issue
faced both nationally and globally - declining health of indigenous biodiversity
- and recognizing the facts of resource constraints, and costly protection
programmes, evaluation of efforts at biodiversity protection activities is
essential. This paper reviews the methodologies available to judge the success
and merit of biodiversity protection actions, briefly reviews the empirical work
completed to date, and provides recommendations on directions for further
development
The Principle of Holistic Education and the Ideal of a Single Integrated Culture: Towards the Formation of an Approach
The mission of the university will not only be the training of specialists, but also the formation of the outlines of a civilization which is to implement the principles and guidelines of the new environmental strategy. The university of the 21st century will take on new functions. It is noteworthy that in the late 30s of the 21st century there will be an impressive amount of people, whose purpose of activity will be the implementation of the co-evolution mode (industry and agriculture will employ about 8% of the population), being the sphere of the future management. They are to be really creative elite professionals. In these circumstances, the university education should be open enough, while narrow professionalization will be its termination. The system of university education these days shows a confrontation between the two educational civilizations/cultures: the humanitarian and scientific ones
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° 159 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, 37 ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ², 4 ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΡ, 103 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, 5 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ:
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π’Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅.Final qualifying work contains 159 pages, 37 figures, 4 tables, 103 sources, 5 annexed.
The object of the study are different designs of the cooling tower of power and industrial facilities.
The purpose of work - based on parametric analysis of different cooling towers, made by advanced technology, to determine the effect of the design features of various towers on their efficiency and equipment productivity.
To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
To improve and automate the method for calculating the thermal performance of cooling towers.
To improve and automate the method for calculating the thermal performance of the cooling fan.
To improve and automate the method of method of calculating the thermal characteristics of the vortex chamber.
Conduct par
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ 95Ρ., 13 ΡΠΈΡ., 33 ΡΠ°Π±Π»., 23 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°., ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 4.,
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ,ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ , ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ,ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
, Π²Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ.
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°, Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ.
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡFinal qualifying work contains an expl message, including 95s., 13 fig., 33 tables., 23 sources., appendix 4., keywords: power, current, tension of,raschet development of the system, a transformer is a,odnolineynaya chart, map of selectivity, financial management, resursoeffektivnost', resursosberezhenie, social responsibility. A research object is a machine-shop, railway-carriage repair works. Purpose of work: development of the system of power supply of industrial
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Iterative solution of quadratic tensor equations for mutual polarisation
To describe mutual polarisation in bulk materials containing high polarisability molecules, local fields beyond the linear approximation needs to be included. A second order tensor equation is formulated that describes this in the case of crystalline or at least locally ordered materials such as an idealised polymer. It is shown that this equation is solved by a set of recursion equations that relate the induced dipole moment, linear polarisability and first hyperpolarisability in the material to the intrinsic values of the same properties of isolated molecules. From these, macroscopic susceptibility tensors up to 2nd order can be calculated for the material
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π· Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Gas industry - the youngest branch of the fuel complex. Suitable gas as fuel in industry and in everyday life, as well as raw material for the chemical industry
Π Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ 3D-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° (?z), ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ 200 ΠΊΠΌ. Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ) ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π²ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ) ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. Π Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π’Π°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ?z-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ
- β¦