Additional file 1 of Machine learning-based decision support system for orthognathic diagnosis and treatment planning

Supplementary Material

The asymmetrical items and their asymmetric indices related to the craniofacial hard tissue structure at the three time points before and after autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

<p>The asymmetrical items and their asymmetric indices related to the craniofacial hard tissue structure at the three time points before and after autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.</p

Upper airway measurements.

<p>Relevant 2D points and 10 items related to the midsagittal plane (A):ANS; PNS; ut; P; TT; E; MxPl; 1 Nasopas; 2 Velo Pasmin; 3 Oropas; 4 Hypopas; 5 SP position; 6 PNS-P; 7 SP thickness; 8 Ton length; 9 Ton height; 10 Ton position [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173142#pone.0173142.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>]. Relevant 3D points and 4 items related to volume (B):AH: the most anterosuperior point of the hyoid bone; MP: the plane passing Me, Go and Go’; VP: the plane crossing the anterior border of C3 and C4 and paralleling its long axis C3 and C4; AH-MP: the distance between AH and MP; AH(Z): the distance between AH and VP; Pasmin area: the smallest area of the cross section of the upper airway; Airway volume: the volume of upper airway between the Nasopas line and Hypopas line.</p

Maxillofacial hard tissue measurements.

<p>Relevant points and planes (ABC): N: the most concave and supreme point of nasofrontal suture; S: the center point of the sella turcica; Zy: the most lateral and supreme point of the zygomatic arch divided into Zy (i.e., the healthy side) and Zy’(i.e., the affected side); Co: the supreme point of the mandibular condyle divided into Co (i.e., the healthy side) and Co’ (i.e., the affected side); ANS: the point of the anterior nasal spine; Mx: the most interior and supreme point between the infrazygoma and the maxillary molar divided into Mx (i.e., the healthy side) and Mx’ (i.e., the affected side); PNS: the posterior-most point of the hard palate; A: the most concave point between the anterior nasal spine and the upper alveolar margin sagittally; Um: the most lateral point of first upper molar divided into Um (i.e., the healthy side) and Um’(i.e., the affected side); B: the most concave point of the anterior alveolar bone around lower incisors sagittally; Go: the posterior-most and nethermost point of the mandibular angle divided into Go (i.e., the healthy side) and Go’(i.e., the affected side); Me: the gnathion; Occ: the occlusal plane passing the two centers of the bilateral first upper molar overbite and the center of the central incisors overbite; MP: the plane passing Me, Go and Go’. Coordinate system (D):X: The horizontal plane crossing the straight line that rotated around N 7 degrees upward along NS and paralleled the two innermost points of the zygomaticofrontal suture on both sides; Y: The sagittal plane crossing N and the center point of the crista galli and perpendicular to X; Z: The coronal plane crossing N and perpendicular to X and Y. Fourteen integral items: SNA angle; SNB angle; ANB angle; Occ/X: the minor angle between Occ and X; MP/X: the minor angle between MP and X; ANS-PNS: the distance between ANS and PNS; N-Me(Y): the distance between N and the point that was projected by Me vertically on Z; N-ANS(Y): the distance between N and the point that was projected by ANS vertically on Z; ANS-Me(Y): the distance between two points that were projected by ANS and Me vertically on Z; Zy-Zy’/Y: the lower angle on tonic side between the line crossing Zy and Zy’ and Y; Mx-Mx’/Y: the lower angle on the tonic side between the line crossing Mx and Mx’ and Y; Go-Go’/Y: the lower angle on the tonic side between the line crossing Go and Go’ and Y; Occ/Y: the lower angle on tonic side between Occ and Y; Me(X): the vertical distance between Me and Y. Twelve asymmetrical items: Co-Me: the distance between Co and Me divided into Co-Me and Co’-Me; Go-Me: the distance between Go and Me divided into Go-Me and Go’-Me; Co-Go: the distance between Co and Go divided into Co-Go and Co’-Go’; Go-Me(Y): the distance between the two points that were projected by Go and Me vertically on Y and divided into Go-Me(Y) and Go’-Me(Y); Go(X): the vertical distance between Go and Y divided into Go(X) and Go’(X); Go(Y): the vertical distance between Go and X divided into Go(Y) and Go’(Y); Go(Z): the vertical distance between Go and Z divided into Go(Z) and Go’(Z); Co(X): the vertical distance between Co and Y divided into Co(X) and Co’(X); Co(Y): the vertical distance between Co and X divided into Co(Y) and Co’(Y); Co(Z): the vertical distance between Co and Z divided into Co(Z) and Co’(Z); Co-Go-Me: the angle consisting of Co, Go and Me divided into Co-Go-Me and Co’-Go’-Me; Um-Mx(Y): the distance between two points that were projected by Um and Mx vertically on Y and divided into Um-Mx(Y) and Um’-Mx’(Y).</p

Delivery of Growth Factors Using a Smart Porous Nanocomposite Scaffold to Repair a Mandibular Bone Defect

Implantation of a porous scaffold with a large volume into the body in a convenient and safe manner is still a challenging task in the repair of bone defects. In this study, we present a porous smart nanocomposite scaffold with a combination of shape memory function and controlled delivery of growth factors. The shape memory function enables the scaffold with a large volume to be deformed into its temporal architecture with a small volume using hot-compression and can subsequently recover its original shape upon exposure to body temperature after it is implanted in the body. The scaffold consists of chemically cross-linked poly­(ε-caprolactone) (c-PCL) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The highly interconnected pores of the scaffold were obtained using the sugar leaching method. The shape memory porous scaffold loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was also fabricated by coating the calcium alginate layer and BMP-2 on the surface of the pore wall. Under both in vitro and in vivo environmental conditions, the porous scaffold displays good shape memory recovery from the compressed shape with deformed pores of 33 μm in diameter to recover its porous shape with original pores of 160 μm in diameter. In vitro cytotoxicity based on the MTT test revealed that the scaffold exhibited good cytocompatibility. The in vivo micro-CT and histomorphometry results demonstrated that the porous scaffold could promote new bone generation in the rabbit mandibular bone defect. Thus, our results indicated that this shape memory porous scaffold demonstrated great potential for application in bone regenerative medicine

The integral items of craniofacial hard tissue structure at the three time points before and after autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

<p>The integral items of craniofacial hard tissue structure at the three time points before and after autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.</p

Preoperative maxillofacial hard tissue structures of the autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis at three points (A: T0 point; B: T1 point; C: T2 point).

<p>Preoperative maxillofacial hard tissue structures of the autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis at three points (A: T0 point; B: T1 point; C: T2 point).</p

Coronoid process graft remodeling.

<p>The coronoid process graft was absorbed, and contact bony formation was not obvious (A: T1 point; B: T2 point). Coronoid process graft absorption was not obvious, and boundary with the new bone tissue was visible (C: T1 point; D: T2 point). coronoid process graft bone hyperplasia with bony fusion (E: T1 point; F: T2 point).</p

Preoperative upper airways of autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis at three points (A: T0 point; B: T1 point; C: T2 point).

<p>Preoperative upper airways of autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis at three points (A: T0 point; B: T1 point; C: T2 point).</p

The items related to the upper airway at the three time points before and after autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

<p>The items related to the upper airway at the three time points before and after autogenous coronoid process graft reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.</p