Synchronization under matrix-weighted Laplacian

Synchronization in a group of linear time-invariant systems is studied where the coupling between each pair of systems is characterized by a different output matrix. Simple methods are proposed to generate a (separate) linear coupling gain for each pair of systems, which ensures that all the solutions converge to a common trajectory. Both continuous-time and discrete-time cases are considered.Comment: 21 page

Synchronization of small oscillations

Synchronization is studied in an array of identical oscillators undergoing small vibrations. The overall coupling is described by a pair of matrix-weighted Laplacian matrices; one representing the dissipative, the other the restorative connectors. A construction is proposed to combine these two real matrices in a single complex matrix. It is shown that whether the oscillators synchronize in the steady state or not depends on the number of eigenvalues of this complex matrix on the imaginary axis. Certain refinements of this condition for the special cases, where the restorative coupling is either weak or absent, are also presented.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Conditions for synchronizability in arrays of coupled linear systems

Synchronization control in arrays of identical output-coupled continuous-time linear systems is studied. Sufficiency of new conditions for the existence of a synchronizing feedback law are analyzed. It is shown that for neutrally stable systems that are detectable form their outputs, a linear feedback law exists under which any number of coupled systems synchronize provided that the (directed, weighted) graph describing the interconnection is fixed and connected. An algorithm generating one such feedback law is presented. It is also shown that for critically unstable systems detectability is not sufficient, whereas full-state coupling is, for the existence of a linear feedback law that is synchronizing for all connected coupling configurations

Synchronization of harmonic oscillators under restorative coupling with applications in electrical networks

The role of restorative coupling on synchronization of coupled identical harmonic oscillators is studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions, under which the individual systems' solutions converge to a common trajectory, are presented. Through simple physical examples, the meaning and limitations of the theorems are expounded. Also, to demonstrate their versatility, the results are extended to cover LTI passive electrical networks. One of the extensions generalizes the well-known link between the asymptotic stability of the synchronization subspace and the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure