Data_Sheet_1_Influence of dietary n-3 long-chain fatty acids on microbial diversity and composition of sows’ feces, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets’ feces.docx

IntroductionVery little is known about the impact of n-3 long-chain fatty acids (n-3 LCFAs) on the microbiota of sows and their piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of n-3 LCFA in sow diets on the microbiota composition of sows’ feces, colostrum, and milk as well as that of piglets’ feces.MethodsTwenty-two sows were randomly assigned to either a control or an n-3 LCFA diet from service to weaning. Sows’ and piglets’ performance was monitored. The gestating and lactating sows’ microbiomes in feces, colostrum, and milk were characterized by 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The fecal microbiome from the two lowest (>800 g) and the two highest birth weight piglets per litter was also characterized, and the LPS levels in plasma were analyzed at weaning.Results and Discussionn-3 LCFA increased microbiota alpha diversity in suckling piglets’ and gestating sows’ feces. However, no effects were observed in colostrum, milk, or lactating sows’ feces. Dietary n-3 LCFA modified the microbiota composition of gestating sows’ feces, milk, and suckling piglets’ feces, without affecting lactating sows’ feces or colostrum. In gestating sows’ feces and milk, the decrease in genus Succinivibrio and the increase of Proteobacteria phylum, due to the increased genera Brenneria and Escherichia, respectively, stand out. In the feces of suckling piglets, the higher abundance of the beneficial genus Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and different species of Lactobacillus are highlighted. In addition, positive correlations for families and genera were found between lactating sows’ feces and milk, milk and suckling piglets’ feces, and lactating sows’ feces and suckling piglets’ feces. To conclude, dietary n-3 LCFA had a positive impact on the microbiome of suckling piglet’s feces by increasing microbial diversity and some beneficial bacteria populations, had a few minor modifications on the microbiome of milk and gestating sows’ feces and did not change the microbiome in lactating sows’ feces or colostrum. Therefore, this study shows the effect of dietary n-3 LCFA on the microbiota of sows, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets during the lactation period providing crucial information on the microbiota status at the early stages of life, which have an impact on the post-weaning.</p

Probiotic Strain <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> CECT 8145 Reduces Fat Content and Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Response in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Recently, microbial changes in the human gut have been proposed as a possible cause of obesity. Therefore, modulation of microbiota through probiotic supplements is of great interest to support obesity therapeutics. The present study examines the functional effect and metabolic targets of a bacterial strain, <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> CECT 8145, selected from a screening in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. This strain significantly reduced total lipids (40.5% ± 2.4) and triglycerides (27.6% ± 0.5), exerting antioxidant effects in the nematode (30% ± 2.8 increase in survival vs control); activities were also preserved in a final food matrix (milk). Furthermore, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses in nematodes fed with strain CECT 8145 revealed modulation of the energy and lipid metabolism, as well as the tryptophan metabolism (satiety), as the main metabolic targets of the probiotic. In conclusion, our study describes for the first time a new <i>B. animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> strain, CECT 8145, as a promising probiotic for obesity disorders. Furthermore, the data support future studies in obesity murine models

CONSORT flow diagram of the subjects in the SETOPROB study (NCT01479543).

<p>CONSORT flow diagram of the subjects in the SETOPROB study (NCT01479543).</p

Secretory IgA content (A) and populations of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (B), <i>Bacteroides</i> (C), <i>Lactobacillus</i> (D), and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. (E) in the feces of healthy adults fed one daily probiotic capsule or placebo for 4 weeks as log CFU/g feces.

<p>Values are means ± SEM, n=20 per group. Labeled means without a common letter differ, <i>P</i><0.05. Time 1, first washout; Time 2, intervention; Time 3, second washout.</p

Serum IL-4 (A), IL-10 (B), and IL-12 (C) concentrations and IL-10/TNF-α (D), and IL-10/IL-12 ratios (E) in healthy adults fed one daily capsule of probiotics or placebo for 4 weeks.

<p>Values are means ± SEM, n=20 per group. Labeled means without a common letter differ, <i>P</i><0.05. Time 1, first washout; Time 2, intervention.</p