31 research outputs found
Turning Points in Development Thinking and Practice
growth, development, global and local policies, culture, history, ideas
Turning points in development thinking and practice
Why and when do turning points occur? How are they prepared? What are the choices before us when it comes to economic and social development policies? What is the role of culture in development? Do ideas play a role? What are the interests behind the ideas? The present paper tries to answer these and other questions and compares the advantages and disadvantages of global development theories with regional and local development policies that put more emphasis on the role of culture in economic development. – growth ; development ; global and local policies ; culture ; history ; idea
International Investments and Rising Protectionism
The relationship between international investments and protectionism is an evolving one. U.S. multinational enterprises have traditionally invested in Latin America for import substituting reasons. In other words, the foreign firm entered in order to take advantage of the internal market. In recent years, however, these firms have turned more and more to export markets, given the collapse of purchasing power in Latin America. Japanese multinational enterprises, on the contrary, have traditionally invested abroad to take advantage of lower costs for the production of goods then reimported into Japan, and in general for exports on the world market. This tendency has seen an acceleration since 1985, i.e., since the upward pressure on the yen began. There are other reasons for international investments but the two mentioned are clearly the most important. International investments occur to take advantage of national markets, particularly when access becomes difficult due to protectionist walls. International investments also occur to take advantage of differences in labor costs as a springboard to conquer a corner of global markets
Le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE
Emmerij Louis. Le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 32, n°126, 1991. Nouvelles perspectives sur l'ajustement, sous la direction de Centre de Développement de l'OCDE. pp. 247-250
Has Europe Fallen out of Love with the Rest of the World?
SUMMARY In the 1970s Dudley Seers turned to study the underdeveloped areas of Europe, partly to repatriate development studies from the Third World and partly to illustrate the scenario of national self?sufficiency in a polycentric world. However, a European disengagement from the Third World could accelerate the growing gap in life?styles between North and South which orthodox policies have already exacerbated in the 1980s. The present negative net transfers from North to South further suggest that more official development aid (and a measure of debt forgiveness) are desirable now, especially for low?income and middle?income developing countries. The existing forms of agricultural trade, based on the CAP, protection and surplus?disposal, would also have to change, but the balance of advantage in such changes is not yet clear. Europe is at present very passive in its international relations, but its future is bound up with the developing countries — so Dudley Seers' rejection of the global international division of labour should be regarded more as a provocation than a final statement of belief. RESUME L'Europe s'est?elle brouillée avec le reste du monde? Dans les années 70, Dudley Seers s'est tourné vers l'étude des régions sous?développées de l'Europe, en partie pour rapatrier du Tiers?Monde les études faites sur le développement, et en partie pour illustrer le scénario de l'indépendance nationale dans un monde polycentrique. Néanmoins, un désengagement européen dans le Tiers?Monde pourrait accélérer la croissance de la brèche existant dans les styles de vie entre le nord et le sud, une brèche que les prises de mesures orthodoxes ont déjà exacerbée dans les années 80. Actuellement les transfers net négatifs du nord au sud suggèrent également qu'une croissance de l'aide officielle pour le développement (et une mesure pour l'éradication des dettes) sont désirables dans l'immédiat, tout particulièrement pour les pays en voie de développement de bas et moyens revenus. Les formes actuelles du commerce agricole, basées sur le CAP, la protection et l'utilisation des surplus, devraient aussi être changées, mais on n'a pas encore évalué les avantages de tels changements. L'Europe est actuellement très passive dans le domaine de ses relations internationales, mais son futur est lié à celui des pays en voie de développement — et donc le fait que Dudley Seers rejette la division du travail au niveau international devrait être considéré plus comme une provocation qu'une formulation finale de sa conviction. RESUMEN ¿Se ha enemistado Europa con el resto del mundo? En la década de 1970 Dudley Seers se volcó al estudio de las áreas subdesarrolladas de Europa, en parte para repatriar los estudios del desarrollo del Tercer Mundo y en parte para ilustrar el escenario de la autarquÃa nacional en un mundo policéntrico. Sin embargo, un desengranaje europeo del Tercer Mundo pudo acelerar la brecha creciente en los estilos de vida entre Norte y Sur, lo que fue exacerbado por la implantación de polÃticas ortodoxas en la década de 1980. La transferencia neta negativa actual del Norte al Sur sugiere además que ahora son deseables tanto más ayuda oficial al desarrollo como una medida del perdón de la deuda, especialmente para los paÃses en desarrollo de bajos y medianos ingresos. La formas de comercio agrÃcola existentes, basadas en el CAP, protección y disposición de excedentes, también deberÃan cambiar, no obstante, el saldo de ventajas en tales cambios no está claro en este momento. En la actualidad Europa está muy pasiva en sus relaciones internacionales, pero su ' futuro está ligado al de los paÃses en desarrollo, de modo que el rechazo de Dudley Seers a la división internacional del trabajo global, debe considerarse más bien una provocación intelectual que una declaración final
Challenges Facing Agriculture in the Next Century: Issues for National Agricultural Research Systems
Creativity in the United Nations: A history of ideas
Louis Emmerij gives an overview of the United Nations Intellectual History Project, which aims to produce a comprehensive intellectual history of the international organization. He analyses three separate periods: the early years (1940s and 1950s), the middle years (1970s), and the last 25 years (1980s onwards). Finally, he discusses some of the organization's failures and challenges ahead. Development (2007) 50, 39–46. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100387