MICROBIAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AND WATER AROUND WASTE DUMP SITES

In Nigeria, the reliance on sanitary landfills is a common phenomenon in the disposal of waste materials. The aim of the study was to ascertain the physicochemical and microbiological effect landfill has on its surrounding soil and water. Four water samples and five soil samples were collected each from Ile-Epo and Legacy dumpsites and the adjoining areas. Physicochemical parameters determined were temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), and electrical conductivity. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for consumption in the water. Microbiological analysis was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. The mean bacteria count and fungal count for water and soil samples are 26.41 CFU/mL and 10.00 CFU/mL; and 26.30 and 14.50 (CFU/G) respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates against conventional antibiotics displayed varying degree of susceptibility and resistance; the bacterial contaminants were susceptible to Augmentin, Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol and resistant to Pefloxacin, Amoxacilin, Tarivid, Streptomycin, Sparfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The results obtained in this study showed that the leachate generated from the landfill site has a minimal impact on the groundwater and soil quality in the locality

Microbiological Assessment of Poultry Droppings, Water and Soil Under Deep Litter (Dl) And Battery Cage (Bl) Systems Within Lagos, Nigeria

This study focuses on the evaluation of the microbiological profile of microbes found in water, soil, droppings, in selected poultry farms under intensive and semi-intensive management system within Lagos, Nigeria. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from poultry droppings, water and soil samples and identified by standard microbiological protocol. The data on the assessment of poultry production system were obtained with structured questionnaire. The bacterial and fungal counts ranged from 29 X 109 CFU/mL - 106 X 109 CFU/mL and 72 X 109 CFU/mL - 115 X 109 CFU/mL respectively. The microorganisms isolated were Streptococcus pluranimalium, Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus arlettae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacilllus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces spp, Sporendonema spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Kloeckera spp., Zygosaccharomyces spp and Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus niger (30.5%), Micrococcus sp. (17.6%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, (17.6%), occur most frequently while Candida tropicalis (4.6%) and Escherichia coli (5.8%) has the lowest percentage occurrence in poultry droppings. Aspergillus sp. (48.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.6%) occur most frequently while Penicillium sp. (15.2%), Staphylococcus spp. (7.1%), has the lowest percentage occurrence in poultry soil samples. Fusarium sp. (38.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.6%), occur most frequently while Aspergillus sp. (7.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (7.1%) has the lowest percentage occurrence in water samples. Most of the isolated bacteria showed resistance to at least two different classes of antibiotics. There is strong evidence that poultry farms in Lagos have utilized many antibiotics and this may have contributed to antibiotic resistant pattern of some bacterial isolates to antibiotics

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF KUNUN-ZAKI: A FERMENTED MILLET DRINK IN BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were carried out on samples of fermented millet drink Kunun Zaki. Fifteen samples were obtained from Ikpoba Hill Market and Aduwawa Quarters. The microbiological analysis was carried out using the standard plate count technique to determine the total microbial population. The mean count of bacteria and fungi was 2.57x107 cfu/ml and 0.98x107cfu/ml respectively. Microorganisms identified were Lactobacillus sp, Bacillius sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp, Mucor sp and Fusarium sp. The mean value of the pH and titrable acidity was 4.26±0.09 and 2.73±0.08ml 0.1M NaOH respectively. The moisture content was high with a mean of 85.90±0.95 and mean solid content of 14.1±0.95. This study has shown that kunun-zaki sold in Ikpoba Hill Market and Aduwawa Quarters is highly contaminated with microorganisms. Practices of good hygiene are therefore necessary in an environment where kunun-zaki is produced, stored, prepared and packaged. </p

ACUTE TOXICITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, AND ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF SODOM APPLE TREE (Calotropis procera Ait.F) LEAF OBTAINED WITHIN ANCHOR UNIVERSITY, LAGOS

Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant, in the family Apocynaceae, the investigation of Calotropis procera for its medicinal usefulness has not been fully documented in the literatures. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening and acute toxicity of Calotropis procera. The antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening and acute toxicity of the leaf was carried out using standard methods for the analyses. The antimicrobial activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract for bacterial showed that Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus candideus were resistant to the plant extract, while Penicillum corylophilum showed susceptibility to the plant extract. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and reducing sugar in the aqueous leaf extract of the leaf, while alkaloids and phlobatannins were absent in the extract of Calotropis procera. The acute toxicity investigation showed that Calotropis procera concentration at 1424 mg/kg body weight resulted in scratching and shivering but was not toxic to cause death of the mice, while lower concentrations of 142, 352, and 712 mg/kg body weight did not cause any observable negative reactions. The plant of Calotropis procera therefore showed that the aqueous extract of the plant contained viable phytochemicals compounds, potent antimicrobial activity to some organisms while the studied concentrations for acute toxicity were observed to be safe

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE ON EKEMAZU STREAM IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.

Physicochemical analysis of Ekemazu stream in Delta State, Nigeria was carried out to assess the water quality between September 2014 and June 2015. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. The turbidity of all the samples analysed across the seasons showed that the value was highest at the effluent discharge point at the peak of the flood season and least in the upstream at the setting – in of raining season in the following range: upstream; 12 ± 1 NTU to 25 ± 0 NTU, effluent discharge point; 121 ± 0 NTU to 423 ± 39 NTU, domestic activities point; 85 ± 2 NTU to 373 ± 40 NTU and in the downstream; 70 ± 0 NTU to 341 ± 44 NTU. All other parameters analyzed followed similar trend (highest in the effluent discharge point) either during the peak of flood season or peak of raining season and least in the upstream sample at other seasons. The statistical analysis of the difference in the physicochemical parameters of the upstream samples and the values obtained in effluent discharge point, domestic activities point and the downstream were all significant (P<0.05). This research clearly showed that some physicochemical parameters of the stream are higher than the WHO acceptable limit. This is due to the release of heavily polluted effluent into the stream, seasonal variations as well as some human activities in the water body resulting to high pollution of the stream

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE ON EKEMAZU STREAM IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.

Physicochemical analysis of Ekemazu stream in Delta State, Nigeria was carried out to assess the water quality between September 2014 and June 2015. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. The turbidity of all the samples analysed across the seasons showed that the value was highest at the effluent discharge point at the peak of the flood season and least in the upstream at the setting – in of raining season in the following range: upstream; 12 ± 1 NTU to 25 ± 0 NTU, effluent discharge point; 121 ± 0 NTU to 423 ± 39 NTU, domestic activities point; 85 ± 2 NTU to 373 ± 40 NTU and in the downstream; 70 ± 0 NTU to 341 ± 44 NTU. All other parameters analyzed followed similar trend (highest in the effluent discharge point) either during the peak of flood season or peak of raining season and least in the upstream sample at other seasons. The statistical analysis of the difference in the physicochemical parameters of the upstream samples and the values obtained in effluent discharge point, domestic activities point and the downstream were all significant (P&lt;0.05). This research clearly showed that some physicochemical parameters of the stream are higher than the WHO acceptable limit. This is due to the release of heavily polluted effluent into the stream, seasonal variations as well as some human activities in the water body resulting to high pollution of the stream. &nbsp

MICROBIAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AND WATER AROUND WASTE DUMP SITES

In Nigeria, the reliance on sanitary landfills is a common phenomenon in the disposal of waste materials. The aim of the study was to ascertain the physicochemical and microbiological effect landfill has on its surrounding soil and water. Four water samples and five soil samples were collected each from Ile-Epo and Legacy dumpsites and the adjoining areas. Physicochemical parameters determined were temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), and electrical conductivity. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for consumption in the water. Microbiological analysis was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. The mean bacteria count and fungal count for water and soil samples are 26.41 CFU/mL and 10.00 CFU/mL; and 26.30 and 14.50 (CFU/G) respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates against conventional antibiotics displayed varying degree of susceptibility and resistance; the bacterial contaminants were susceptible to Augmentin, Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol and resistant to Pefloxacin, Amoxacilin, Tarivid, Streptomycin, Sparfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The results obtained in this study showed that the leachate generated from the landfill site has a minimal impact on the groundwater and soil quality in the locality