Quantum metamaterials in the microwave and optical ranges

Quantum metamaterials generalize the concept of metamaterials (artificial optical media) to the case when their optical properties are determined by the interplay of quantum effects in the constituent 'artificial atoms' with the electromagnetic field modes in the system. The theoretical investigation of these structures demonstrated that a number of new effects (such as quantum birefringence, strongly nonclassical states of light, etc) are to be expected, prompting the efforts on their fabrication and experimental investigation. Here we provide a summary of the principal features of quantum metamaterials and review the current state of research in this quickly developing field, which bridges quantum optics, quantum condensed matter theory and quantum information processing

Quantum metamaterials in the microwave and optical ranges

Quantum metamaterials generalize the concept of metamaterials (artificial optical media) to the case when their optical properties are determined by the interplay of quantum effects in the constituent 'artificial atoms' with the electromagnetic field modes in the system. The theoretical investigation of these structures demonstrated that a number of new effects (such as quantum birefringence, strongly nonclassical states of light, etc) are to be expected, prompting the efforts on their fabrication and experimental investigation. Here we provide a summary of the principal features of quantum metamaterials and review the current state of research in this quickly developing field, which bridges quantum optics, quantum condensed matter theory and quantum information processing

Insights into the Need for <i>Ab Initio</i> Calculations to Accurately Predict the Optical Properties of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes Based on Experimental Confrontation

In this article, we conduct comparative studies on the optical properties of metallic carbon nanotubes. First, we compare the complex dielectric constant predicted by an analytical model, the linear surface conductivity model, with ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. We highlight the similarities and differences between these two models, with the major discrepancy being the significantly different behavior of the plasma frequency with respect to the carbon nanotube diameter. In the second step, we compare the predictions of these models with experimental measurements of the dielectric function. We demonstrate that the screened plasma frequency serves as a reliable quantifier for distinguishing between the two models. In conclusion, we find that the ab initio calculations more accurately describe the optical properties of metallic carbon nanotubes compared with the commonly used linear surface conductivity model

A) Array-CGH ideograms of the most frequently observed chromosomal anomalies in trisomy 19 ependymomas

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Trisomy 19 ependymoma, a newly recognized genetico-histological association, including clear cell ependymoma"</p><p>http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/6/1/47</p><p>Molecular Cancer 2007;6():47-47.</p><p>Published online 12 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950527.</p><p></p> Blue dots: ratio between tumor DNA and control DNA; red dots: ratio between control DNA and tumor DNA. Ratio of 1 indicates normal DNA content (presence of two alleles, chromosome 2: A6). Separation of the lines corresponds to gain of tumoral DNA (blue dots going up, chromosome 19: A1, A2 and A9 and, chromosome 11: A4) or loss of tumoral DNA (blue dots going down, chromosome 13: A6 and, chromosome 9: A4). B) Scheme of array-CGH results of trisomy 19 ependymomas. Altogether 118 genetic anomalies detected, mean: 13 per tumor, consisting of 74 gains (64%) and 44 losses (36%). Numbers correspond to tumors. C) Genetic alterations presented at least in 66% (6/9) of trisomy 19 ependymomas (A1-A9) compared to two controls (Ep.: B1 and B19). Trisomy 19 observed in all cases, although in one tumor (A4) the telomeric long arm was not amplified. Deletion of 13q21.31-31.2 and deletions on chromosme 9 (M: monosomy; M: monosomy without 9qter loss; 9p: 9p deletion and Int: intertitial p and q deletions) were found in 7/9 tumors (78%). Amplification of 11q13.3-13.4 was detected in 6/9 (66%) of the tumors

Clinico-pathological analysis of paraffin embedded supra-tentorial ependymal tumors, sub-ependymomas excluded, and of posterior fossa ependymomas presenting deletions of chromosome 9

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Trisomy 19 ependymoma, a newly recognized genetico-histological association, including clear cell ependymoma"</p><p>http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/6/1/47</p><p>Molecular Cancer 2007;6():47-47.</p><p>Published online 12 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950527.</p><p></p> Tumors are divided in between trisomy 19 ependymomas and ependymomas