ガーナにおいて教育が出生率と労働市場に与える影響 : 回帰不連続デザインを用いた分析

政策分析プログラム / Policy Analysis Program政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies論文審査委員: 山内 慎子 (主査), 荒井 洋一, LITSCHIG, Stephan, 飯尾 潤, 川口 大司(東京大学大学院経済学研究科教授

The Role of Branding and Packaging in Creating Customer Loyalty in the Toothpaste Market: The Case of Ghana

Branding and packaging are communicable marketing tools that marketers use through their efforts to disseminate information to the general public. It can be inferred that branding and packaging play a vital role in the consumer’s decision to purchase a particular product of their choice, since they are able to identify the products through its branding and packaging. This paper sought to investigate into how branding and packaging influences consumers’ decision and how it influences them to be loyal to a particular brand of product (toothpaste). Data was collected by administering questionnaires to a sample size of 130 out of which 100 were consumers of the various tooth paste and 30 were toothpaste retailers in the Techiman Municipality. Accidental or convenient sampling method, under the non-random sampling technique was used. The study revealed that branding and packaging is an essential tool that influences consumers purchasing behavior in their decision to purchase a particular brand of toothpaste. It was also realized that toothpaste manufacturers use branding and packaging to differentiate their products from that of their competitors. Keywords: Branding, Innovation, Packaging, Loyalt

The Role of Branding and Packaging in Creating Customer Loyalty in the Toothpaste Market: The Case of Ghana

Branding and packaging are communicable marketing tools that marketers use through their efforts to disseminate information to the general public. It can be inferred that branding and packaging play a vital role in the consumer’s decision to purchase a particular product of their choice, since they are able to identify the products through its branding and packaging. This paper sought to investigate into how branding and packaging influences consumers’ decision and how it influences them to be loyal to a particular brand of product (toothpaste). Data was collected by administering questionnaires to a sample size of 130 out of which 100 were consumers of the various tooth paste and 30 were toothpaste retailers in the Techiman Municipality. Accidental or convenient sampling method, under the non-random sampling technique was used. The study revealed that branding and packaging is an essential tool that influences consumers purchasing behavior in their decision to purchase a particular brand of toothpaste. It was also realized that toothpaste manufacturers use branding and packaging to differentiate their products from that of their competitors. Keywords: Branding, Innovation, Packaging, Loyalt

An assessment of water quality and the locals' perception of coastal lagoon pollution in ghana: A case study of chemu lagoon in tema

The Chemu lagoon is not immune to pollution through chemical waste contamination, refuse disposals, and untreated household sewage, and hence has been chosen as a case study. This paper aims to assess the lagoon's level of pollution. Chemical analysis of water samples, field observations, and a structured survey questionnaire was used to assess the state of the lagoon. The study revealed that the Chemu lagoon has inferior water quality as most of the parameters evaluated were above the acceptable standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Significant differences in concentrations of water quality parameters were established between seasons. The study found that respondents were aware of the lagoon’s polluted state and attributed pollution to siltation and waste dumping. This leads to offensive odour, livelihood losses emphasising a reduction in fishing activities, and outbreaks of diseases in the area. Conclusively, stakeholders have not prioritised mitigating pollution of the lagoon. The study recommends that the Environmental Health and Waste Management Departments of the Tema Metropolitan Assembly intensify house-to-house hygiene education and sanitary inspection in the area. There should be education and sensitisation on proper waste management practices in the area

Space-time cube approach in analysing conflicts in Africa

In terms of conflict types and occurrences, there is a mesh of old, new, and concurrent conflicts which coexist and are affecting each other over space and time. Existing conflict studies are unable to fully explicate the space-time elements, hence this generates static and two-dimensional hotspots/coldspots. Using Africa as a case, this study used three-dimensional space-time cube, with conflict occurrences grouped into bins where space is mapped horizontally and time is mapped vertically for analysis. Analysis of conflict based on the three dimensional space-time cube produced four main categories of hotspots namely consecutive, sporadic, oscillating, and new hotspots. Furthermore, the causes of conflicts in Africa varied significantly across each time-based hotspot, providing insight into why straightjacket solutions have been unsuccessful. Conflict managers can learn from the patterns of time-based hotspots which helps to see conflicts as three-dimensional entities needing with three levels of orientation that focus on type, space, and time instantaneously

Financial development in South Africa: The role of natural resources, IT infrastructure, and government size

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to identify the driving elements of the South African financial sector. While South Africa’s financial sector appears robust, there exists a dearth of empirical research investigating the determinants of its development. Thus, this work assesses how three critical factors: natural resource abundance (NR), IT infrastructure, and government expenditure levels affect financial development (FD) in South Africa using annual data from 1971 to 2020. Preliminary findings show that the series are integrated, and they are cointegrated. Results from regression analysis suggest that the abundance of NR does not significantly contribute to financial development in South Africa. Conversely, advanced IT infrastructure, larger government size, and openness to trade are associated with a more developed financial sector. The implications of these findings are essential for policymakers and stakeholders in understanding the factors that drive financial development in South Africa. The study recommends that, among others, innovative approaches are needed to channel gains from natural resources effectively into the financial sector

Socio- Economic Impact of Lake Bosomtwe Shoreline Changes on Catchment Residents in Ghana

relies largely on fishing in the lake and farming on the marginal lands. The relationship between the land use practices in the catchments, people’s livelihood and the lake fishing environment is fascinating, because of the belief that the catchment forests and streams help make the lake basin a rich habitat. However, recent human activities and shoreline changes of the lake are believed to have subjected the catchment areas to undue deforestation from uncoordinated farming practices. The unparalleled degradation of the catchments has disrupted the fish ecology, hence dwindling livelihood opportunities. The local population has had to diversify livelihood strategies. This study examined the impacts of the shoreline changes on the livelihood of the surrounding communities. The study employed the mixed methods approach to undertake the research by triangulating primary and secondary source data. In-depth interview and questionnaire were used to solicit information from eighty seven (87) respondents on their knowledge and perception on Lake Bosomtwe shoreline change and its impacts on their livelihoods. The main findings of the study are that the gradual depletion of the lake is being felt by the population who depend on the lake for their means of livelihood. It is recommended that committees be set up within the three districts to provide environmental education and proper management of the lake as it serves as the highest income generating venture

Analysis of ecological health status of the Muni Lagoon: Evidence from heavy metal content in its water and fish samples

Abstract The study examined the ecological health status of the Muni lagoon amidst increasing development in and around its catchment using a concentration of heavy metals in its water and fish samples as a proxy. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) laboratory analysis was employed to determine heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn] and zinc) present in water and fish samples within the Muni Lagoon. The study revealed that the Muni Lagoon and feeder rivers were polluted with heavy metals (Fe = 0.453, Cd = 0.201, Mn = 0.105 and Pb = 0.024) comparing their concentrations with the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Water Resources Commission (WRC) limit. Fish within the lagoon were found to pose no harm to consumers as traces of heavy metal concentrations were below the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations/World Health Organisation maximum permissible limit. The study further revealed that the application of agricultural inputs such as fertilisers, pesticides and domestic waste as well as unregulated gutter channels were the major source of heavy metals. A paired sample t‐test showed a statistically significant difference between the wet and dry season's concentrations of cadmium and lead. For cadmium, the t‐test found t(5) = −7.265; p = .001 between the wet season's concentration and the dry season's concentration and for lead, the t‐test found t(5) = 5.061, p = .004 between the wet and dry season concentrations in the lagoon. It is therefore recommended that the Forestry Commission, Municipal Assembly and the local leaders should collaborate in regulating activities occurring in and around the catchment of the lagoon

The Golden stool : studies of the Asante center and periphery. Anthropological papers of the AMNH ; v. 65, pt. 1

331 p. : ill., maps ; 26 cm.Bibliography: p. 310-323