Rising to the Challenge: Managed Retreat and the Taking Clause in Maine\u27s Climate Change Era

It is a near scientific certainty that sea levels will rise between one and eight feet by the end of the century. This will wreak havoc on our infrastructure, ecology, and public health, and cause an unquantifiable amount of economic damage. Given the inevitability of sea level rise, state and local governments must facilitate the managed retreat of people and property away from vulnerable coastal areas. However, governments’ ability to facilitate managed retreat comes head-to-head with the Takings Clauses of the United States and Maine Constitutions, which state that the government may not take private property without paying just compensation. This Comment analyzes two methods of managed retreat: (1) use of eminent domain and (2) implementation of rebuilding restrictions. Because eminent domain is costly, politically fraught, and can have the effect of marginalizing already vulnerable populations, local governments should instead implement rebuilding restrictions to facilitate managed retreat. Rebuilding restrictions are an optimal managed retreat tool because they gradually move populations away from the coast and are unlikely to result in successful takings claims that require the government to pay just compensation under either Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council or Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York. Without having to pay just compensation under the Taking Clause according to fair market value of the property, the government is able to develop an alternative means of reallocating coastal communities that is more equitably attuned to the economic and social needs of vulnerable populations

Selected online resources

The following list is intended to provide a useful selection of websites and online resources notable for the institutions they represent, the links they provide, or the content they offer. The choice of institutions and initiatives, and of the categories in which they are presented, is necessarily subjective. Professional Associations – CODARTwww.codart.nl (in English)CODART is a vibrant international network involving more than 500 curators of Dutch and Flemish painting, whose goal is to pr..

Cause of Death and Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Anticoagulated Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation : Data From ROCKET AF

M. Kaste on työryhmän ROCKET AF Steering Comm jäsen.Background-Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all-cause mortality may guide interventions. Methods and Results-In the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose-adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all-cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention-to-treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS(2) score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow-up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan-Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all-cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms (P=0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33-1.70, P= 75 years (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.51-1.90, P Conclusions-In a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, approximate to 7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereasPeer reviewe

Le duc de Morny, collectionneur du Second Empire

The Duc de Morny, a Collector in the Time of the Second Empire Though the legacy of the duc de Morny, pivotal political and social figure of France’s Second Empire, has been largely debated by historians, none have fully addressed the question of his role as one of the most highly-recognized European collectors of his day. This study seeks to shed light not only on the major phases in his twenty-year career as a collector, but also on the relative importance of his collection as an example of 19th-century French taste for 17th-century Dutch and Flemish painting, as well as on the function of the collection for Morny and his contemporaries. The duke’s place in the network of contemporary Parisian collectors, his growing involvement in the artistic scene of his day, and his increasing importance as a public figure provide clues enabling us to sketch a portrait of Morny as a savvy collector motivated by pleasure, profit, and prestige. This article hopes thus to further research in an area that remains relatively unexplored, that of the history and culture of collecting in France from 1840 to 1870.Robin Emlein Le duc de Morny, collectionneur du Second Empire Si l’héritage du duc de Morny -personnage incontournable du monde politique et de la société du Second Empire -a été largement débattu par les historiens, il reste encore à s’enquérir d’un aspect méconnu de son histoire, à savoir son rôle en tant que collectionneur d’art de renom européen. A travers cette étude, l’auteur propose d’éclairer le lecteur sur la progression de la carrière de collectionneur du duc de Morny, sur l’importance de son ensemble de tableaux -exemplaire du goût français du xixe siècle pour les écoles flamande et néerlandaise -et sur la fonction attribuée à la collection par Morny lui-même et par ses contemporains. La place relative qu’il occupe au sein du réseau de collectionneurs parisiens, ses liens avec le milieu des beaux-arts, ainsi que sa position grandissante dans le régime de Napoléon III, sont autant d’éléments permettant d’esquisser le portrait d’un personnage complexe, devenu collectionneur de tableaux pour satisfaire des impératifs de plaisir, de profit et de prestige. Cet article enrichit les recherches dans un domaine encore relativement inexploré, celui de l’histoire et la culture du collectionnisme en France entre 1840 et 1870.Emlein Robin. Le duc de Morny, collectionneur du Second Empire. In: Histoire de l'art, N°62, 2008. Musées, collections, collectionneurs. pp. 79-88