Total digestibility and in situ degradability of bulky diets with the inclusion of ionophores or probiotics for cattle and buffaloes

 Avaliaram-se os efeitos de ionóforo (monensina sódica) e de probiótico (Saccharomyces cerevisae + selênio + cromo) em dietas com 80% de volumoso sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Utilizaram-se três búfalos, da raça Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) e três bovinos, da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus), com peso médio de 520 ± 30 kg e 480 ± 182 kg, respectivamente, portadores de cânula ruminal, distribuídos em delineamento experimental com dois quadrados latinos 3 x 3, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, sendo, a ausência ou presença de aditivos: ionóforo ou probiótico e duas espécies. O indicador interno do fluxo fecal de matéria seca (MS) foi a cinza insolúvel em ácido. Foi conduzido ensaio de degradabilidade ruminal da MS, proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do feno de Tifton 85 para búfalos e bovinos. A dieta contendo probiótico apresentou maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e matéria orgânica em bubalinos e bovinos, indicando um bom desempenho em dietas volumosas. A degradabilidade potencial e efetiva da matéria seca em búfalos na dieta com probiótico foi inferior ao ionóforo sugerindo que houve melhor digestão dos nutrientes no intestino grosso destes animais. A degradabilidade potencial e efetiva da fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta na dieta contendo ionóforo foram superiores à dieta contendo probiótico. Bubalinos apresentaram maior capacidade de digestão de matéria seca e fração fibrosa do que bovinos.The effects of ionophores (monensin) and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + selenium + chromium) in diets with 80% forage were evaluated on the digestibility of nutrients. Three buffaloes, Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) and three cattle, Holstein (Bos taurus), with an average weight of 520 ± 30 kg and 480 ± 182 kg, respectively, with rumen cannula, over experimental design with two 3 x 3 Latin squares in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with the absence or presence of additives: ionophore or probiotic and two species, were used. The internal flow indicator of fecal dry matter (DM) was the acid insoluble ash. DM, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability of Tifton 85 hay was conducted for cattle and buffaloes. A diet containing probiotics had higher dry matter and organic matter digestibility in buffalo and cattle, indicating a good performance in bulky diets. The potential and effective dry matter degradability in diet with probiotic in buffaloes, were smaller than diet with ionophore, suggesting that there was a better digestion of nutrients in the intestine of these animals. The potential and effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein in the diet containing ionophores were superior than diet containing probiotic. Buffaloes showed higher capacity of dry matter and fiber digestion than cattle

Performance, intestinal morphometry and incubation parameters of broiler chickens submitted to in ovo feeding with different techniques and amino acids

The objective of this research was to evaluate techniques, incubation period and effects of amino acids in ovo feeding. First, 240 embryonated eggs were selected and distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two techniques and three days). The parameters of incubation, relative weight of gastrointestinal organs and classification of embryonic mortality were evaluated. In the second stage, 720 embryonated eggs were incubated with five treatments: control, methionine (20 and 30 mg) and lysine (20 and 30 mg). These animals were housed during 14 days. The animals remained with five incubation treatments, nine replicates and groupings based on sex. Incubation parameters, performance, intestinal morphometry and relative weight of digestive tract organs were evaluated. The results indicate that the technique using a 45 ° needle axis passing through the air chamber hinders hatchability. In the organ weighing, there was no difference between the evaluated factors. For intestinal morphometry, there was only a significant difference between the dose factor for the crypt villi and crypt diameter. To conclude, the technique 90º angle without passing through the air chamber is safer for the embryos. The inoculation of methionine (20 mg and 30 mg) obtained data similar to the control group.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Digestibilidade parcial e total de rações com a inclusão de ionóforo ou probiótico para bubalinos e bovinos Total and partial digestibility of diets with ionophore or probiotic inclusion for buffaloes and bovine

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do ionóforo (monensina sódica) e do probiótico (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + selênio + cromo) em rações com 50:50% de volumoso:concentrado sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade total (CDT) e parcial dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados três búfalos da raça Murrah e três bovinos da raça holandesa, com peso médio de 477 &plusmn; 47 e 518 &plusmn; 56 kg, respectivamente, portadores de cânula ruminal e duodenal, distribuídos em delineamento experimental com dois quadrados latinos 3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> 3 e arranjo fatorial 3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> 2. O indicador dos fluxos fecal e duodenal foi a cinza insolúvel em ácido. Não houve interação dieta <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> espécie animal para os CTD dos nutrientes, porém a adição de ionóforo à ração teve efeito positivo sobre os CDT de MS, PB, EE e amido e a adição de probiótico aumentou os CDT do amido, da FDN e da FDA. As adições de ionóforo e probiótico propiciaram maior fermentação ruminal da FDN e FDA e maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade intestinal (CDI) do amido. Observaram-se maiores CDT da PB e do amido para os bovinos e maior CDT da FDN para búfalos. Houve interação rações <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> espécie somente sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade ruminal (CDR) e CDI de MS, PB e EE. Para ambas as espécies, a adição de ionóforo foi efetiva em aumentar a fermentação ruminal da MS, reduzir a degradação ruminal da PB e elevar o CDI da PB. A adição do probiótico também reduziu a degradação ruminal da PB em bubalinos, porém em menor escala que o ionóforo. Independentemente da presença ou não dos aditivos nas rações, os bubalinos apresentaram maior CDR da MS e sem a adição de aditivos, maior CDR da PB e menor CDI da PB que os bovinos.<br>The effects of the ionophore (sodic monensin) and of the probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + selenium + chrome) were evaluated in rations with 50:50% of forage:concentrate ratio on the total (TDC) and partial [ruminal digestibility coefficients (RDC) and intestinal (IDN)] nutrients digestibility coefficients. Three Murrah buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) and three steers Holstein (Bos taurus), with an of 477 &plusmn; 47 kg and 518 &plusmn; 56 kg of average weight respectively, and with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used; the animals were designed into two 3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> 3 latin squares and in a 3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> 2 factorial arrangement. The acid insoluble ash was the internal marker for fecal and duodenal flow. No interaction of diet and animal species for TDC of nutrients was observed, although the ionophore addition in the ration showed a positive effect on TDC for DM, CP, EE and starch and the probiotic addition increased TDC of starch, NDF and ADF. The ionophore and probiotic addition provided higher ruminal fermentation of NDF and ADF and higher IDC of starch. It was observed higher TDC of CP and starch for bovine and higher TDC of NDF for buffaloes. There was interaction of rations <FONT FACE=Symbol>&acute;</FONT> species only on RDC and IDC for DM, CP and EE. The ionophore addition was effective to increase the ruminal fermentation of DM, to reduce ruminal degradation of CP and to increase IDC of CP for both species. The probiotic addition also reduces ruminal degradation of CP in buffaloes, but in lower scale than ionophore. For buffaloes, the presence or absence of additives in rations caused higher RDC of DM, the absence of addictives in ration caused higher RDC and lower IDC of CP than in bovine