SEM Image of Cryo-ground DCC.

<p>The scale bar is 1 mm.</p

PicoGreen results depicting changes in double stranded (ds)DNA amounts in articular cartilage throughout the decellularization process.

<p>Processing the cartilage with both physical and chemical methods significantly reduced the amount of dsDNA in the matrix by 86%. * denotes significance (p<0.01) from native cartilage (n = 6). All results are reported as mean ± standard deviation.</p

Hydroxyproline content of cartilage matrix during physical and chemical decellularization process.

<p>No statically significant differences were observed during the processing (n = 6). All results are reported as mean ± standard deviation.</p

Relative expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic gene markers (n = 5).

<p>A) collagen II, B) Sox-9, C) aggrecan, D) collagen X, E) Runx-2, and F) collagen I. @ denotes significant difference from control group at same time point, # denotes significant difference from TGF-β group at same time point, * denotes significant difference between day 1 value, + denotes significant difference from previous time point, $ denotes significant difference from DCC group at same time point.</p

DNA content of cell pellets at days 1 and 7 (n = 5).

<p>All groups significantly increased DNA content between 1 and 7 days. * p<0.05 between day 1 and 7, ** p<0.01 between day 1 and 7, A = p<0.05 between DCC and control, and B = p<0.01 between DCC and DVC. All results are reported as mean ± standard deviation.</p