Terahertz photometer to observe solar flares in continuum

Solar observations at sub-THz frequencies detected a new flare spectral component peaking in the THz range, simultaneously with the well known microwaves component, bringing challenging constraints for interpretation. Higher THz frequencies observations are needed to understand the nature of the mechanisms occurring in flares. A THz photometer system was developed to observe outside the terrestrial atmosphere on stratospheric balloons or satellites, or at exceptionally transparent ground stations. The telescope was designed to observe the whole solar disk detecting small relative changes in input temperature caused by flares at localized positions. A Golay cell detector is preceded by low-pass filters to suppress visible and near IR radiation, a band-pass filter, and a chopper. A prototype was assembled to demonstrate the new concept and the system performance. It can detect temperature variations smaller than 1 K for data sampled at a rate of 10/second, smoothed for intervals larger than 4 seconds. For a 76 mm aperture, this corresponds to small solar burst intensities at THz frequencies. A system with 3 and 7 THz photometers is being built for solar flare observations on board of stratospheric balloon missions.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 9 December 201

THz photometers for solar flare observations from space

The search for the still unrevealed spectral shape of the mysterious THz solar flare emissions is one of the current most challenging research issues. The concept, fabrication and performance of a double THz photometer system, named SOLAR-T, is presented. Its innovative optical setup allows observations of the full solar disk and the detection of small burst transients at the same time. The detecting system was constructed to observe solar flare THz emissions on board of stratospheric balloons. The system has been integrated to data acquisition and telemetry modules for this application. SOLAR-T uses two Golay cell detectors preceded by low-pass filters made of rough surface primary mirrors and membranes, 3 and 7 THz band-pass filters, and choppers. Its photometers can detect small solar bursts (tens of solar flux units) with sub second time resolution. Tests have been conducted to confirm the entire system performance, on ambient and low pressure and temperature conditions. An artificial Sun setup was developed to simulate performance on actual observations. The experiment is planned to be on board of two long-duration stratospheric balloon flights over Antarctica and Russia in 2014–2016.Fil: Kaufmann, Pierre. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Marcon, Rogério. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Abrantes, André. Propertech Ltda.; BrasilFil: Bortolucci, Emilio C.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: T. Fernandes, Luis Olavo. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Kropotov, Grigory I.. Tydex Llc; RusiaFil: Kudaka, Amauri S.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Machado, Nelson. Propertech Ltda.; BrasilFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Nikolaev, Valery. Tydex Llc; RusiaFil: Silva, Alexandre. Samsung Research Institute; BrasilFil: da Silva, Claudemir S.. Neuron Ltda.; BrasilFil: Timofeevsky, Alexander. Tydex Llc; Rusi

HATS: A Ground-Based Telescope to Explore the THz Domain

The almost unexplored frequency window from submillimeter to mid-infrared (mid-IR) may bring new clues about the particle acceleration and transport processes and the atmospheric thermal response during solar flares. Because of its technical complexity and the special atmospheric environment needed, observations at these frequencies are very sparse. The High Altitude THz Solar Photometer (HATS) is a full-Sun ground-based telescope designed to observe the continuum from the submillimeter to the mid-IR. It has a 457-mm spherical mirror with the sensor in its primary focus. The sensor is a Golay cell with high sensitivity in a very wide frequency range. The telescope has a polar mount, and a custom-built data acquisition system based on a 32 ksamples per second, 24 bits (72 dB dynamic range), 8 channels analog-to-digital board. Changing only the composition of the low- and band-pass filters in front of the Golay cell, the telescope can be setup to detect very different frequency bands; making the instrument very versatile. In this article we describe the telescope characteristics and its development status. Moreover, we give estimates of the expected fluxes during flares.Fil: Giménez de Castro, C. Guillermo. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Raulin, Jean Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Valio, Adriana. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Alaia, Guilherme. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Alvarenga, Vinicius. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Bortolucci, Emilio Carlos. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Fernandes, Silvia Helena. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Francile, Carlos Natale. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Giorgetti, Tiago. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Kudaka, Amauri Shossei. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: López, Fernando Marcelo. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Marcon, Rogério. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Zaquela, Márcio. Observatório Solar Bernard Lyot; Brasi