60 research outputs found
Prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: the role of palonosetron
Prevention of nausea and vomiting is the main goal of antiemetic treatment in cancer patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy. To prevent acute emesis, antiemetics should be administered just before chemotherapy and patients should be protected for up to 24 hours after chemotherapy initiation. The emetogenic potential of chemotherapeutic agents guides clinicians towards the most appropriate antiemetic prophylaxis. Current guidelines recommend the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (RA) either alone or in combination with dexamethasone and/or a neurokinin-1 RA both in the acute and delayed phases. The second-generation 5-HT3RA palonosetron exhibits a longer half-life and a higher binding affinity than older antagonists. Palonosetron has been approved by the FDA for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients scheduled to receive either moderately (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and for the prevention of delayed CINV in patients receiving MEC. The present review will discuss the role of palonosetron in the prevention of acute CINV
Common Diagnostic Challenges in the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors: A Case Report
Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are an uncommon group of neoplasms, accounting for about 20% of all lung carcinomas, arising from stem cells of the bronchial epithelium known as Kulchitsky cells. In the past, these tumors were grouped among benign or less aggressive malignant pulmonary tumors. Currently, according to the 2004 World Health Organization categorization, these tumors are separated into 4 subtypes characterized by increasing biologic aggressiveness: low-grade (typical carcinoid; TC), intermediate-grade (atypical carcinoid; AC) and high-grade (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, LCNEC, and small-cell lung carcinoma, SCLC). They differ by morphologic, immunohistochemical and structural features. At histopathologic analysis, these tumors share progressive increase in a number of mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields and in the extent of necrosis, with TC having the lowest values and SCLC having the highest. TCs and ACs make up approximately 1–2% of all primary lung tumors. Differentiating ACs from TCs or LCNEC and SCLC is clinically important because the treatment modalities and prognoses for these types of tumors are different. We report a case of misdiagnosis of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumor in a young woman which has heavily influenced her clinical history
Palonosetron in combination with 1-day versus 3-day dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial
Association of Upfront Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy With Progression-Free Survival Among Patients With Enteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
open57noIMPORTANCE Data about the optimal timing for the initiation of peptide receptor radionuclide
therapy (PRRT) for advanced, well-differentiated enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
are lacking.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of upfront PRRT vs upfront chemotherapy or targeted
therapy with progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with advanced enteropancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors who experienced disease progression after treatment with somatostatin
analogues (SSAs).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study analyzed the
clinical records from 25 Italian oncology centers for patients aged 18 years or older who had
unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated, grades 1 to 3 enteropancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors and received either PRRT or chemotherapy or targeted therapy after
experiencing disease progression after treatment with SSAs between January 24, 2000, and July 1,
2020. Propensity score matching was done to minimize the selection bias.
EXPOSURES Upfront PRRT or upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapy.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the difference in PFS among patients
who received upfront PRRT vs among those who received upfront chemotherapy or targeted
therapy. A secondary outcome was the difference in overall survival between these groups. Hazard
ratios (HRs) were fitted in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to adjust for
relevant factors associated with PFS and were corrected for interaction with these factors.
RESULTS Of 508 evaluated patients (mean ([SD] age, 55.7 [0.5] years; 278 [54.7%] were male), 329
(64.8%) received upfront PRRT and 179 (35.2%) received upfront chemotherapy or targeted
therapy. The matched group included 222 patients (124 [55.9%] male; mean [SD] age, 56.1 [0.8]
years), with 111 in each treatment group. Median PFS was longer in the PRRT group than in the
chemotherapy or targeted therapy group in the unmatched (2.5 years [95%CI, 2.3-3.0 years] vs 0.7
years [95%CI, 0.5-1.0 years]; HR, 0.35 [95%CI, 0.28-0.44; P < .001]) and matched (2.2 years [95%
CI, 1.8-2.8 years] vs 0.6 years [95%CI, 0.4-1.0 years]; HR, 0.37 [95%CI, 0.27-0.51; P < .001])
populations. No significant differences were shown in median overall survival between the PRRT and chemotherapy or targeted therapy groups in the unmatched (12.0 years [95%CI, 10.7-14.1 years] vs
11.6 years [95%CI, 9.1-13.4 years]; HR, 0.81 [95%CI, 0.62-1.06; P = .11]) and matched (12.2 years [95%
CI, 9.1-14.2 years] vs 11.5 years [95%CI, 9.2-17.9 years]; HR, 0.83 [95%CI, 0.56-1.24; P = .36])
populations. The use of upfront PRRT was independently associated with improved PFS (HR, 0.37;
95%CI, 0.26-0.51; P < .001) in multivariable analysis. After adjustment of values for interaction,
upfront PRRT was associated with longer PFS regardless of tumor functional status (functioning:
adjusted HR [aHR], 0.39 [95%CI, 0.27-0.57]; nonfunctioning: aHR, 0.29 [95%CI, 0.16-0.56]), grade
of 1 to 2 (grade 1: aHR, 0.21 [95%CI, 0.12-0.34]; grade 2: aHR, 0.52 [95%CI, 0.29-0.73]), and site of
tumor origin (pancreatic: aHR, 0.41 [95%CI, 0.24-0.61]; intestinal: aHR, 0.19 [95%CI, 0.11-0.43])
(P < .001 for all). Conversely, the advantage was not retained in grade 3 tumors (aHR, 0.31; 95%CI,
0.12-1.37; P = .13) or in tumors with a Ki-67 proliferation index greater than 10% (aHR, 0.73; 95%CI,
0.29-1.43; P = .31).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, treatment with upfront PRRT in patients
with enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who had experienced disease progression with SSA
treatment was associated with significantly improved survival outcomes compared with upfront
chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Further research is needed to investigate the correct strategy,
timing, and optimal specific sequence of these therapeutic options.openPusceddu, Sara; Prinzi, Natalie; Tafuto, Salvatore; Ibrahim, Toni; Filice, Angelina; Brizzi, Maria Pia; Panzuto, Francesco; Baldari, Sergio; Grana, Chiara M.; Campana, Davide; Davì, Maria Vittoria; Giuffrida, Dario; Zatelli, Maria Chiara; Partelli, Stefano; Razzore, Paola; Marconcini, Riccardo; Massironi, Sara; Gelsomino, Fabio; Faggiano, Antongiulio; Giannetta, Elisa; Bajetta, Emilio; Grimaldi, Franco; Cives, Mauro; Cirillo, Fernando; Perfetti, Vittorio; Corti, Francesca; Ricci, Claudio; Giacomelli, Luca; Porcu, Luca; Di Maio, Massimo; Seregni, Ettore; Maccauro, Marco; Lastoria, Secondo; Bongiovanni, Alberto; Versari, Annibale; Persano, Irene; Rinzivillo, Maria; Pignata, Salvatore Antonio; Rocca, Paola Anna; Lamberti, Giuseppe; Cingarlini, Sara; Puliafito, Ivana; Ambrosio, Maria Rosaria; Zanata, Isabella; Bracigliano, Alessandra; Severi, Stefano; Spada, Francesca; Andreasi, Valentina; Modica, Roberta; Scalorbi, Federica; Milione, Massimo; Sabella, Giovanna; Coppa, Jorgelina; Casadei, Riccardo; Di Bartolomeo, Maria; Falconi, Massimo; de Braud, FilippoPusceddu, Sara; Prinzi, Natalie; Tafuto, Salvatore; Ibrahim, Toni; Filice, Angelina; Brizzi, Maria Pia; Panzuto, Francesco; Baldari, Sergio; Grana, Chiara M.; Campana, Davide; Davì, Maria Vittoria; Giuffrida, Dario; Zatelli, Maria Chiara; Partelli, Stefano; Razzore, Paola; Marconcini, Riccardo; Massironi, Sara; Gelsomino, Fabio; Faggiano, Antongiulio; Giannetta, Elisa; Bajetta, Emilio; Grimaldi, Franco; Cives, Mauro; Cirillo, Fernando; Perfetti, Vittorio; Corti, Francesca; Ricci, Claudio; Giacomelli, Luca; Porcu, Luca; Di Maio, Massimo; Seregni, Ettore; Maccauro, Marco; Lastoria, Secondo; Bongiovanni, Alberto; Versari, Annibale; Persano, Irene; Rinzivillo, Maria; Pignata, Salvatore Antonio; Rocca, Paola Anna; Lamberti, Giuseppe; Cingarlini, Sara; Puliafito, Ivana; Ambrosio, Maria Rosaria; Zanata, Isabella; Bracigliano, Alessandra; Severi, Stefano; Spada, Francesca; Andreasi, Valentina; Modica, Roberta; Scalorbi, Federica; Milione, Massimo; Sabella, Giovanna; Coppa, Jorgelina; Casadei, Riccardo; Di Bartolomeo, Maria; Falconi, Massimo; de Braud, Filipp
ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: Biochemical markers
Adjuvant use of interferon α2b is not justified in patients with stage IIb/III melanoma
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