Mandible descriptors and PCs for comparison

Sheet 1: Mandible area and Fourier coefficients from A0 to B7 describing size and shape of the mandible. Sheet 2: Mechanical advantages (MAs) and axes for comparisons: PCclimate, PC for D-loop analysis, and PC for mitochondrial analysis

Multiple species alignment of the death domain of EDAR.

<p>The derived 370A allele is shaded in dark grey. Variable positions in the alignment are shaded in light grey. Sites at which nonsynonymous substitutions are known to result in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia are boxed in. An asterisk indicates the site at which an Arg-His substitution causes decreased activation of NF-κB <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002209#pone.0002209-Shimomura1" target="_blank">[28]</a>.</p

The derived 370A allele of EDAR results in enhanced activation of NF-κB in vitro.

<p>Transfection of a HEK293 cell line with ancestral (370V) and derived (370A) versions of EDAR activate NF-κB to a different extent on both a normal genetic background (comparison on the left) and on a background containing a known disease mutation (375H; comparison on the right). Luciferase activity is driven by EDAR-activated NF-κB. Data was averaged from two independent experiments with reads from at least 9 wells total for each clone. Error bars are standard error of the mean (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01).</p

Density plot of the posterior distribution of estimates of the time since fixation of the 370A allele.

<p>The estimated time since fixation of the 370A allele is the mode of the distribution (10740 years before present). The 2.5% and 97.5% confidence intervals are boxed in and are indicated by the hashed vertical lines.</p

Worldwide allele frequencies and population differentiation for V370A.

<p>The vertical bar chart displays the frequency of the 370A allele in each of the populations represented in the CEPH-HGDP panel with sample sizes (number of individuals) on the left. The shaded boxes in the 53×53 and 7×7 matrices show which pairwise Fst values are significant compared to the empirical distribution at three <i>P</i> value thresholds (see the boxed-in <i>P</i> value legend).</p