フェオメラニンベースの羽色の進化的意義

要約のみTohoku University河田雅圭課

Improvement of physical function and metabolic pathophysiology by the training methods for preventing muscle atrophy in elder subjects with obesity

科学研究費助成事業 研究成果報告書：基盤研究(B)2012-2014 課題番号：2439048

High Incubation Investment of Females Paired to Attractive Males in Barn Swallows

Differential parental investment is the sexual selection process in which females that have acquired an attractive male invest relatively more in his offspring than females that are paired to an unattractive male. However, it is often difficult to distinguish between differential parental investment and compensation for a decrease in parental investment by an attractive mate. Using Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica gutturalis, in which males rarely participate in incubation, we investigated differential incubation investment of females. We made the following four observations: (1) Females participate in 94% of total nest attentiveness (time that eggs were incubated). (2) Female nest attentiveness was positively correlated with the ornamentation of their mates, the size of white spots in the tail, which is a measure of male attractiveness in this population. (3) Male nest attentiveness was not related to male ornaments. (4) Total nest attentiveness was positively correlated with the size of white spots in the tail. These results are consistent with differential parental investment, but not with compensation for a decrease in parental investment by a mate. Therefore, we conclude that female Barn Swallows that have acquired an attractive male invest differentially in incubation

Amelogenin Stimulates Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Expression Through Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Response Element and Transforming Growth Factorâ β1 Activation Element in the Promoter of the BSP Gene

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141420/1/jper1482.pd

Advantage of a low glycemic index and low phosphate diet on diabetic nephropathy and aging-related diseases

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Japan and other Westernized countries. Over 50% of the ESRD patients die from cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ESRD patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are implicated in the endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and in the vascular calcification of intimal and medial arterial blood vessels caused by hyperphosphatemia. Therefore, dietary control of hyperglycemia and hyperphosphatemia should play an important role in the management of ESRD patients with DM. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that high concentrations of serum phosphate, even if within the normal range, may be a risk factor for CVD and mortality. An in vivo study using klotho knockout mice and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) knockout mice has revealed that correction of hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D could ameliorate the premature aging-like phenotype. A low glycemic index and low phosphate diet may provide an advantage in the prevention of aging-related diseases in healthy individuals as well as in those with chronic kidney disease

Evaluation of anti-stress nutrients in the endothelial cells with fluorescence indicator

Oxidative stress has emerged as an important pathogenic factor in the development of long-term complications, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and cancer. Taking many antioxidants from natural food may be effective to prevent us from those diseases. We have attempted to evaluate the effect of improvement by dietary antioxidants on the endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia. Fluorescence indicators for reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide were employed to the evaluation. The combination of those fluorescence indicators could be powerful tool to evaluate the effect of anti-stress nutrients on both oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction