ТЕОРИЯ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ: ЛОГИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ

This article is dedicated to an extensive and rather modern scientific area – to a decision-making theory. The author uses logical-mathematical bases of the decision-making theory to explicate the existential features of a choice based on the four main martingales: trend, time, people and phobia. Consistent with earlier research the study supported the hypothesis that these four constituents «have power» over people and influence they’re making a decision.The purpose of the study is to consider the logical-mathematical aspects of decision theory.The author pays attention to mathematical models of social changes, mathematical statistics, and game theory, the theory of probability, theory of social conditions, social physics and neurolinguistics. In the article, there used interpretive and hermeneutics methods, narrative and conceptual analysis and configuring.The analysis of factors which influence decision making allows us to minimize risks, to predict the results and to create optimal and effective strategies of behavior.The novelty of this study is that, firstly, a model was presented for a generalized description of decision-making, which coordinates the apparatus of logical-mathematical and existential analysis. Secondly, when analyzing the psychological aspects of human decision-making, it is proposed to use the tools of temporal and modal logics.The results can be applied to existential systems in decision making. The using area of the software of existential systems in decision making is wide: from human’s daily requests in personal questions of the existential character, the stock market, financial consulting and negotiation to market strategies, PR-companies and even AI (Artificial Intelligence).Данная статья посвящена достаточно обширной и современной научной области – теории принятия решений. Автор обращается к логико-математическим основам теории принятия решений для экспликации экзистенциальных особенностей выбора, основанных на четырех основных мартингалах: тренд, время, люди и страх. В соответствии с предшествующими результатами, исследование подтвердило предположение о том, что последние четыре составляющие «управляют» человеческим существом и влияют на его принятие решений.Целью исследования является рассмотрение логико-математических аспектов теории принятия решений.Автор обращается к математическим моделям социальных изменений, математической статистике, теории игр, теории вероятности, теории социальных условий, социальной физике и нейролингвистике. В статье использовались методы интерпретации и герменевтики, нарративный и концептуальный анализ, а также конфигурирование.Анализ факторов, влияющих на принятие решений, позволяет минимизировать риски, предсказывать результаты событий, а также конструировать оптимальные и эффективные стратегии поведения.Новизна этого исследования состоит в том, что, во-первых, была представлена модель общего описания принятия решений, которая обобщает аппарат логико-математического и экзистенциального анализа. Во-вторых, при анализе психологических аспектов принятия решений человека предлагается использовать инструменты временной и модальной логики.Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в экзистенциальных системах принятия решения. Область использования данных программ экзистенциальных систем принятия решений широка: от решения повседневных вопросов человеческой жизнедеятельности, анализа фондового рынка, финансового консалтинга и переговоров, до маркетинговых стратегий, различных PR-кампаний и даже ИИ (Искусственного интеллекта)

Visible luminescence from hydrogenated amorphous silicon modified by femtosecond laser radiation

Visible luminescence is observed from the composite of SiO2 with embedded silicon nanocrystallites produced by femtosecond laser irradiation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film in air. The photoluminescence originates from the defect states at the interface between silicon crystallites and SiO2 matrix. The method could be used for fabrication of luminescent layers to increase energy conversion of a-Si:H solar cells

Synthesis Pid Controller for Objects Second Order with Regard to the Location Poles

Рассмотрена методика синтеза ПИД-регулятора системы управления для объектов второго порядка. В качестве теоретической основы методики использован модальный метод для линейных систем с учетом расположения комплексных полюсов. Получены соотношения, связывающие значения переходной характеристики, значения комплексных полюсов и коэффициентов объекта управления. Приводится числовой примерThe paper explored the method of synthesis of PID control systems for objects of the second order. As a theoretical basis of methods used modal method for linear systems with respect to the location of the complex poles. The obtained equations linking the values of the transient response, the complex poles and coefficients of the control object. The numerical illustration is give

DNA detection by THz pumping

Our results demonstrate a new method for label-free, real-time oligonucleotide characterisation by their self-resonant modes, which are unique to their conformation and sequence. We anticipate that our assay will be used as a starting point for a more detailed investigation of the aforementioned mechanism, which can be used as a basis for oligonucleotide detection and analysis. Furthermore, this technique can be applied to improve existing modern genetics technologies.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and mineral composition of low-temperature fractioning products of Malus domestica Borkh (common Antonovka)

The low-temperature fractionation of fruit Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) has been performed. We obtained by fractionation the biologically active products that are the dehydrated concentrate of juice and the powder of pomace fibers. Use of low temperature minimizes biological value losses during processing. These fractions of fruit Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) are experimentally studied. It is found that the fractions have high antioxidant activity and include bioflavonoids and organic and phenol carboxylic acids. Analysis of chromatograms showed availability of the identical compounds in the products of low-temperature fractionation. Sodium and potassium are part of the cells of biological systems as highly mobile ionic forms. Therefore, these elements prevail in the concentrated juice. Iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are biogenic trace elements or components of enzyme systems and are evenly distributed as in plant cell walls as well in protoplasm. It follows from the results of the study of the mineral composition that the products of the low-temperature fractioning can be used for a functional food as a result of its high content of magnesium and iron. The low-temperature fractionation of fruit Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) has antimicrobial activity against the standard strains of spoilage: Bacillus subtilis VKM-B-501, Micrococcus luteus VKM-As-2230, Aspergillus flavus VKM-F-1024, Penicillium expansion VKM-F-275, Mucor mucedo VKM- F-1257, Rhizopus stolonifer VKM- F-2005. Experimental data show that the products of low-temperature fractioning of Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) inhibit microorganism's growth. The detected composition of Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) fractions allows using these products as natural additives in food technology to maintain and increase period of storage and also for preventive nutrition

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in childhood

Public organization “Russian Association of Endocrinologists”. Clinical guidlines

Parametric Synthesis Model Controller for Nonlinear System Modal Control Method

Рассмотрена методика синтеза ПИД-регулятора нелинейной системы управления. В качестве теоретической основы методики синтеза использован модальный метод. Получены соотношения, связывающие перерегулирование и время регулирования системы автоматического регулирования с расположением её нулей и полюсов. На основе этих соотношений разработана методика синтеза параметров ПИД-регулятора. Приводится числовой примерThe methods of synthesis of nonlinear PID control system. As a theoretical basis modal synthesis technique used method. The ratios connecting overshoot and settling time of automatic control system with its zeroes and poles arrangement have been obtained. The technique of synthesis of PID control parameters was developed on the basis of these ratios. The numerical illustration is give

Parametric Synthesis of Control Systems for Objects of High Order

Рассмотрена методика параметрического синтеза системы управления объектом, описываемым передаточной функцией высокого порядка. В качестве теоретической основы методики синтеза использован модальный метод для линейных систем. Проверка работоспособности методики выполнена на примере передаточной функции объекта управления четвертого порядкаThe paper explored of the parametric method of synthesis of the control system with objects described by a transfer function of high order. As a theoretical basis for the methodology we used the modal method for linear systems. Study of the efficiency of the used method is made on a specific example of the transfer function of the control object fourth orde

Effect of hydrogen concentration on structure and photoelectric properties of a-Si:H films modified by femtosecond laser pulses

The crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films with femtosecond laser pulses is one of the promising ways to produce nanocrystalline silicon for photovoltaics. The structure of laser treated films and their hydrogen content are the most important factors for determining the photoelectric properties of materials. In this work we investigated the effect of femtosecond laser irradiation of a-Si:H films with different fluences on crystalline volume fraction, hydrogen concentration, and photoelectric properties of this material. Our results point out that hydrogen out-diffusion accompanies the crystallization process. The increase of hydrogen concentration in the initial a-Si:H films structure affects the kinetics of the crystallization process, but does not lead to a substantial increase of hydrogen concentration remaining in the film after the treatment. The deficiency of hydrogen in the films’ structure results in degradation of their photoconductivity, thus other strategies of a-Si:H laser crystallization or postprocessing should be found to obtain device-quality films using ultrafast laser processing