Not all were Spears and Facones: Firearms from Otamendi Fortlet (1858–1869), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Otamendi fortlet is located in Buenos Aires province (Argentina) and was occupied from 1858 to 1869. Previous archaeological research has yielded large quantities of artefacts from the site; the present study focuses on firearms and related material. The aim of this project is to identify and characterize the firearms to establish their function, place of origin and chronology. They are compared to the archaeological record of Minaña fortlet to understand the diversity of armament technology in border military settlements of the South Frontier against indigenous people during the second half of the nineteenth century in Argentina.Peer Reviewe

Time-varying Harmonics: Part II - Harmonic Summation and Propagation

This paper represents the second part of a two-part article reviewing the state of the art of probabilistic aspects of harmonics in electric power systems. It includes tools for calculating probabilities of rectangular and phasor components of individual as well as multiple harmonic sources. A procedure for determining the statistical distribution of voltages resulting from dispersed and random current sources is reviewed. Some applications of statistical representation of harmonics are also discussed

Future climate risk from compound events

Floods, wildfires, heatwaves and droughts often result from a combination of interacting physical processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The combination of processes (climate drivers and hazards) leading to a significant impact is referred to as a ‘compound event’. Traditional risk assessment methods typically only consider one driver and/or hazard at a time, potentially leading to underestimation of risk, as the processes that cause extreme events often interact and are spatially and/or temporally dependent. Here we show how a better understanding of compound events may improve projections of potential high-impact events, and can provide a bridge between climate scientists, engineers, social scientists, impact modellers and decision-makers, who need to work closely together to understand these complex events.Jakob Zscheischler, Seth Westra, Bart J. J. M. van den Hurk, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Philip J. Ward, Andy Pitman, Amir AghaKouchak, David N. Bresch, Michael Leonard, Thomas Wahl and Xuebin Zhan