FROM FISHERIES CONSERVATION TO COMMUNITY SUSTAINABILITY (STUDY ON BENGKULU GOVERNMENTS POLICY ON FISHERIES)

Bengkulu, which is located in the western coast of Sumaka and is adjci*ing krdian Ocearr with an area of 12335.20P,mZ seq has higfr levetrs of hiodivrsity thus it ircludd in one of Mega Biodiversity. However, some species are endangered and fishing economic level in general is still low. This is due to the rampant of illegal fishing, lack of disciplines from fishery community in conductingtheir activities (such as dockingand sellingnot on the design*ted places, umegistered fleets). This writing began from field rveys irl the coastal town of Bengkulu, but problem raised is herr loe*l gcvernrnent pclicies in ruanege these issues. This paper used norrnative juridical rnethod with literature se*rches and statute approaches. Interview with officials from the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries is conducted as a complement. Results of the writing shows the government's policies on fisheries can be found in Act on ratification of UNCLOS in 1982; Act on Waters, Act on Biodiversity; Act on Fisheries; Regslation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and FisheiesNo. PER.S5/h{EFrII20C& en Fisheries Capture Etrsiness. These rcts have lead ta the sustainable use of fisheries. Unfertwrately, FIi€y a* obXigation tc anehor in PPI and on registry for small fishing fleets, for which fisheries act mandate{ are still not found in Bengkulu. Suggestion; despite the absence of policy, the Government of Bengkulu as an inherent part of Indonesia should be fully aware that Indonesia is bound to UNCLOS 1982 aad UNIA 1995, clso Code of Co*rduet fcr Reryonsible Fisheries, re the m@IlIEs take* cert lead to respccsible cranag€msrt, thls sust*i*able frslleries maeageme*t can be achieved

KAJIAN TERHADAP PERATURAN WALIKOTA BENGKULU NOMOR 38 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PENETAPAN KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK DALAM KOTA BENGKULU

Kedudukan Peraturan Walikota Bengkulu No 38 Tahun 2011 tentang Penetapan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Dalam Kota Bengkulu, dalam mewujudkan Perda dengan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Maka Perda Kota Bengkulu yang sebelumnya belum ada sedangkan peraturan Bupati atau Walikota merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan dari peraturan daerah Kabupaten/kota. Selain itu juga materi muatan dalam Peraturan Walikota Bengkulu tersebut perlu dikaji dengan seksama apakah sudah sesuai dengan Undang‐Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan  Peraturan  Perundang‐Undangan. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka permasalah yang dibahas adalah kedudukan Peraturan Walikota Bengkulu Nomor 38 Tahun 2011 tentang Penetapan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Dalam Kota Bengkulu di dalam hirarki perundang-undangan dan materi muatannya ditinjau dari Undang- Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang- Undangan. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian hukum yang bersifat yuridis normatif. Pada hasil peneltian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan pengaturan Pasal 7 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 8 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan peundang-Undangan, maka Peraturan Daerah Kota dan Peraturan Walikota berkedudukan di bawah Undang-Undang dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Peraturan Walikota Bengkulu Nomor 38 Tahun 2011 tentang Penetapan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok dalam Kota Bengkulu kedudukannya sebagai peraturan pelaksana dari Peraturan Daerah. Pada materi muatan Peraturan Walikota ini, penerapan sanksi pada Peraturan Walikota ini tidak sesuai dengan asas “dapat dilaksanakan”, karena sanksi diberikan pada pimpinan lembaga dan atau badan yang melanggar berupa penghentian sementara kegiatan dan atau pencabutan izin. Sedangkan kawasan yang ditetapkan sebagai kawasan tanpa rokok merupakan tempat-tempat pelayanan publik, apabila sanksi tersebut diterapkan, maka akan mengganggu pelayanan kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Setiap pembetukan peraturan perundang-undangan harus diperhitungkan efektivitas peraturan perundangan-undangan tersebut dalam masyarakat, baik secara filosofis, sosiologis, maupun yuridis

KAJIAN HUKUM TATA RUANG DALAM KASUS LADIA GALASKA DITINJAU DARI CBD: ISU PERAN WORLD BANK SEBAGAI PENANGGUNG JAWAB DANA PENGELOLA KAWASAN TAMAN LEUSER

This is a writing about spatial law on Ladia Galaska Case Based on CBD Reviewed : An issue of the world bank role as the financial insurer manager of Leuser Garden. This study try to analyze the status of Ladia Galaska Road based on spatial law and its relation to CBD. With normative juridical approach, this writing handed all the related rules and analyzed them to find the answer of the problem. The result of this writing is that The basic principle of CBD is precautionary principle means not only from economical point of view but also from ecological side in maintaining sustainable development, and the risk assessment if the road is built, so if i t i s done, it won’ t gi ve a moment utility to the society. Based on spatial law, Ladia Galaska is against the function of protected forest.anda also the precautionary principle in CBD

INDONESIA RESPONSIBILITY ON SEA POLLUTION CAUSED BY COAL MINING

Bengkulu, which is located on coastal area and is adjoining directly with India Ocean, is one of provinces of Indonesia having a potential coal resource quality. In exploring and exploiting this resource, district government of Bengkulu has issued licenses to some companies. Unfortunately the activities of some company caused damage and pollution on headwaters and downstream of Bengkulu river basin at coastal area. Supposing it is not coped with soon by the government, the waste of the coal which caused damage and pollution will continue flow to the sea and gradually will empty into India Ocean. The activities that affect the damage of river and sea environment ecosystem will make Indonesia be responsible internationally. It is due to Indonesia has been agreed to be bound to United Nations Convention on The law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. Notwithstanding UNCLOS 1982 gives right to states to exploit their natural resources pursuant to their environmental policies and in accordance with their duty to protect and preserve the marine environment, on the other side it lays obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment. State shall take, individually or jointly as appropriate all measures consistent with UNCLOS that are necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from any source, using for this purpose the best practicable means at their disposal and in accordance with their capabilities, and they shall endeavor to harmonize the policies in this connection. States also shall take all measures necessary to ensure that activities under their jurisdiction or control are so conducted as not to cause damage by pollution to other States and their environment, and that pollution arising from incidents or activities under their jurisdiction or control does not spread beyond the areas where they exercise sovereign rights in accordance with UNCLOS 1982. If the District Government of Bengkulu does not pay attention to this problem, Indonesia will internationally be responsible for putting back the sea environment to the condition before the pollution took place. This responsible will take long time and much fund. It will also make Indonesia’s credibility in international society goes down as they will value Indonesia does not care about its own environtment, especially international sea environtment. For that, it needs to provide preventive action soon by the district government, for being apart from responsibilities and for protecting the citizen right on health environtment

PEMANFAATAN PELABUHAN PENDARATAN IKAN BAGI KAPAL PENANGKAP/ PENGANGKUT IKAN DI BENGKULU BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERIKANAN 596/ILMU HUKUM

Indonesia sebagai Negara kepulauan sangat kaya dengan Sumber Daya Perikanan (SDP). Produksi ikan tangkap Indonesia tahun 2011 memang sudah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, dari 5,039,446 ton tahun 2010 menjadi 5,345,729 ton di tahun 2011. Namun sayangnya, Bengkulu mengalami penurunan dari 44,241 ton pada tahun 2010 turun menjadi 39,860 ton di tahun 2011. Terus meningkatnya intensitas penangkapan ikan dunia ini jika tidak diiringi dengan pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan akan menyebabkan kepunahan pada ikan. Untuk itu pengelolaan yang bertanggung jawab menjadi salah satu kunci jawaban untuk menjawab tantangan pembangunan perikanan berkelanjutan (sustainable fisheries development). Penelitian ini berangkat dari data awal yang didapat pada saat survey yang menunjukkan banyak kapal penangkap ikan tidak mendaratkan ikan di Pelabuhan Perikanan yang telah ditetapkan, terutama di Pelabuhan Pulau Baai yang merupakan pelabuhan perikanan utama di Kota Bengkulu. Hal ini bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam UU Perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi peraturan mengenai masalah pendaratan ikan bagi kapal penangkap/pengangkut ikan yang berlaku di Kota Bengkulu dan bagaimana penerapannya oleh pemilik kapal penangkap/pengangkut ikan di Kota Bengkulu. Hasil analisis diharapkan dapat melahirkan ide-ide penelitian berikutnya yang mengarah pada kebijakan perikanan dengan pendekatan kemasyarakatan dan memberikan informasi bagi para pemilik kapal penangkap/pengangkut ikan tentang arti penting aturan tersebut dan bagi para pengambil kebijakan terkait masalah ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan sumber bahan hukum utama yang digunakan berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan sumber bahan hukum pendukung berupa data primer fakta dalam praktik pendaratan ikan di PPI di Kota Bengkulu. Untuk melengkapi bahan hukum akan dilakukan wawancara yang tertuju kepada para informan yang terdiri atas petugas hukum formal. Selain itu observasi secara langsung dalam das sein dilakukan di Pelabuhan Pulai Baai dengan mewawancarai pemilik kapal perikanan. Penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive yakni berkenaan dengan aparatur hukum administrasi atau pemimpin formal yang meliputi pim pinan instansi terkait yaitu Kepolisian Perairan Kota Bengkulu dan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan pada wilayah pelabuhan perikanan Pulai Baai Kota Bengkulu karena pelabuhan ini merupakan pelabuhan terbesar dan menjadi pusat kegiatan nelayan kota Bengkulu. Bahan hukum yang telah terkumpul akan dianalisis dengan metode penafsiran hukum. Indikator capaian peneliti adalah : terkumpulnya peraturan menengai pebuhan pendaratan ikan di Kota Bengkulu; terdeskripsinya penerapan Pasal 41 UU Perikanan; tersusunnya artikel ilmiah yang siap dipublish ke dalam jurnal ilmu hukum

LAW ENFORCEMENT IN FISHERIES LICENSES IN BENGKULU CITY AS AN EFFORT TO PERFORM SUSTAINABLE FISHERY COMMUNITY

Law holds an essential role and always exists in every part of human activity, one of which is fishery field. Bengkulu City has a high potential fishery yet it faces some fisheries problem one of them is many fishing fleet operating without licenses and/or the licenses have been over due. While law in books says they have to hold the license. The problem in this paper is how the enforcement in fishery licenses should be done to be effectively conducted so sustainable fishery community can be performed in Bengkulu City. The method used is a normatice juridical using secondary data, obtained by in depth interview and literature research. The results show that Law enforcement in fishery licenses is a primary task of District Government. Attempts should be initiated by the government to make collaboration with related office; Department of Marine and Fisheries, Water Police, and to intensify social participation that makes sense of belonging as well as willing to protect and preserve the sea emerge. If this happens, then the obstacles that surely will stand still in enforcing the law can be reduced and fishery community can sustain and their economic will increase

FISHERIES SURVEILLANCE IN THE OUTER ISLANDS IN ADDRESSING IUU FISHING TO PERFORM FISHERIES GOVERNANCE (STUDIES IN ENGGANO, NORTH BENGKULU, INDONESIA)

Under article 47 of UNCLOS 1982 Indonesia as an archipelago state is entitled to draw archipelagic baselines from the outermost points of the outermost islands, hence, the presence of the outer islands is very important not only in defense and security, but also in economy and ecology. One of the outer islands of Indonesia is Enggano located in Bengkulu province which is directly adjacent to the Indian ocean. The fish there is very potential, consequently it must be used responsibly to secure and it can benefit the future generation interests as well. To direct the actors to do responsible fisheries and comply to the governing laws, surveillance plays a substantial role. A field survey showed that apart from local fishers, there were also foreign-flagged fishing vessel in Enggano waters. As IUU fishing happens frequently in Indonesian waters, it is important to know how the fisheries surveillance carried out in the island, therefore this research aims to get to know the legality of fishing conducted by foreign-flagged vessels; the constraints faced and solutions envisaged. This is a normative legal research. Interviews were conducted to legal officers involved directly to fisheries surveillance to complement the existing primary data. The results showed that the surveillance on Enggano waters cannot be performed optimally due to shortage of human resources in both quantity and quality (lack of legal knowledge of the inspectors), facilities (poor condition of surveillance vessels, supplies of fuel), the weather. To address these problems, there should be an enhancement of legal knowledge of the officers, cooperation and coherence among related institutions and involvement of community. The success of surveillance, laws, officers and community to manage enforce the law will result in a fisheries governance