Five day mission plan to investigate the geology of the Marius Hills region of the moon

Five-day mission plan to investigate geology of Marius Hills region of moo

The Unusual Infrared Object HDF-N J123656.3+621322

We describe an object in the Hubble Deep Field North with very unusual near-infrared properties. It is readily visible in Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS images at 1.6um and from the ground at 2.2um, but is undetected (with signal-to-noise <~ 2) in very deep WFPC2 and NICMOS data from 0.3 to 1.1um. The f_nu flux density drops by a factor >~ 8.3 (97.7% confidence) from 1.6 to 1.1um. The object is compact but may be slightly resolved in the NICMOS 1.6um image. In a low-resolution, near-infrared spectrogram, we find a possible emission line at 1.643um, but a reobservation at higher spectral resolution failed to confirm the line, leaving its reality in doubt. We consider various hypotheses for the nature of this object. Its colors are unlike those of known galactic stars, except perhaps the most extreme carbon stars or Mira variables with thick circumstellar dust shells. It does not appear to be possible to explain its spectral energy distribution as that of a normal galaxy at any redshift without additional opacity from either dust or intergalactic neutral hydrogen. The colors can be matched by those of a dusty galaxy at z >~ 2, by a maximally old elliptical galaxy at z >~ 3 (perhaps with some additional reddening), or by an object at z >~ 10 whose optical and 1.1um light have been suppressed by the intergalactic medium. Under the latter hypothesis, if the luminosity results from stars and not an AGN, the object would resemble a classical, unobscured protogalaxy, with a star formation rate >~ 100 M_sun/yr. Such UV-bright objects are evidently rare at 2 < z < 12.5, however, with a space density several hundred times lower than that of present-day L* galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 27 pages, LaTeX, with 7 figures (8 files); citations & references updated + minor format change

Directed motion emerging from two coupled random processes: Translocation of a chain through a membrane nanopore driven by binding proteins

We investigate the translocation of a stiff polymer consisting of M monomers through a nanopore in a membrane, in the presence of binding particles (chaperones) that bind onto the polymer, and partially prevent backsliding of the polymer through the pore. The process is characterized by the rates: k for the polymer to make a diffusive jump through the pore, q for unbinding of a chaperone, and the rate q kappa for binding (with a binding strength kappa); except for the case of no binding kappa=0 the presence of the chaperones give rise to an effective force that drives the translocation process. Based on a (2+1) variate master equation, we study in detail the coupled dynamics of diffusive translocation and (partial) rectification by the binding proteins. In particular, we calculate the mean translocation time as a function of the various physical parameters.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, IOP styl

Exact steady-state velocity of ratchets driven by random sequential adsorption

We solve the problem of discrete translocation of a polymer through a pore, driven by the irreversible, random sequential adsorption of particles on one side of the pore. Although the kinetics of the wall motion and the deposition are coupled, we find the exact steady-state distribution for the gap between the wall and the nearest deposited particle. This result enables us to construct the mean translocation velocity demonstrating that translocation is faster when the adsorbing particles are smaller. Monte-Carlo simulations also show that smaller particles gives less dispersion in the ratcheted motion. We also define and compare the relative efficiencies of ratcheting by deposition of particles with different sizes and we describe an associated "zone-refinement" process.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures New asymptotic result for low chaperone density added. Exact translocation velocity is proportional to (chaperone density)^(1/3

Integrating the voluntary sector in personalised care: mixed methods study of the outcomes from wellbeing co-ordination for adults with complex needs

PurposeThis integrated care study seeks to highlight how voluntary sector “wellbeing co-ordinators” co-located in a horizontally and vertically integrated, multidisciplinary community hub within one locality of an Integrated Care Organisation contribute to complex, person-centred, co-ordinated care.Design/methodology/approachThis is a naturalistic, mixed method and mixed data study. It is complementing a before-and-after study with a sub-group analysis of people receiving input from the wider hub (including Wellbeing Co-ordination and Enhanced Intermediate Care), qualitative case studies, interviews, and observations co-produced with embedded researchers-in-residence.FindingsThe cross-case analysis uses trajectories and outcome patterns across six client groups to illustrate the bio-psycho-social complexity of each group across the life course, corresponding with the range of inputs offered by the hub.Research limitations/implicationsTo consider the effectiveness and mechanisms of complex system-wide interventions operating at horizontal and vertical interfaces and researching this applying co-produced, embedded, naturalistic and mixed methods approaches.Practical implicationsHow a bio-psycho-social approach by a wellbeing co-ordinator can contribute to improved person reported outcomes from a range of preventive, rehabilitation, palliative care and bereavement services in the community.Social implicationsTo combine knowledge about individuals held in the community to align the respective inputs, and expectations about outcomes while considering networked pathways based on functional status, above diagnostic pathways, and along a life-continuum.Originality/valueThe hub as a whole seems to (1) Enhance engagement through relationship, trust and activation, (2) Exchanging knowledge to co-create a shared bio-psycho-social understanding of each individual’s situation and goals, (3) Personalising care planning by utilising the range of available resources to ensure needs are met, and (4) Enhancing co-ordination and ongoing care through multi-disciplinary working between practitioners, across teams and sectors.</jats:sec

An X-ray Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.26

We report the discovery of an X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z=1.26. RXJ0848.9+4452 was selected as an X-ray cluster candidate in the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey, on the basis of its spatial extent. Deep optical and near-IR imaging have revealed a galaxy overdensity around the peak of the X-ray emission, with a significant excess of red objects with J-K colors typical of elliptical galaxies at z>1. Spectroscopic observations at the Keck II telescope have secured 6 galaxy redshifts in the range 1.257=1.261), within a 35 arcsec radius around the peak X-ray emission. This system lies only 4.2 arcmin away (5.0 h^{-1}_{50} comoving Mpc, q_0=0.5) from the galaxy cluster ClG J0848+4453, which was identified by Stanford et al. (1997) at z=1.273 in a near-IR field galaxy survey, and is also known to be X-ray luminous. Assuming that the X-ray emission is entirely due to hot intra-cluster gas, both these systems have similar rest frame luminosities L_x ~=1x10^{44} ergs/s (0.5-2.0 keV band). In combination with our spectrophotometric data for the entire 30 arcmin^2 field, this suggests the presence of a superstructure, consisting of two collapsed, possibly virialized clusters, the first detected to date at z>1.Comment: To appear in The Astronomical Journal, 24 pages, 8 figures, 1 color jpg plate (fig.7), see http://www.eso.org/~prosati/lynx/plate_fig7.jp