Maze-Runners : Sentiment and Bank Deposit Growth: Evidence from the UK

Peer reviewe

HCV Treatment Failure in the Era of DAAs

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has six well‐known genotypes in worldwide and has a very high genetic diversity. Introduction of DAAs leads to improvement of treatment results with SVR rates exceeding 95%. Development of HCV treatment resistance is a problematic issue that needs sufficient solutions. Many hosts, viral, and drug factors are implemented in the process of treatment resistance. Lack of clinical trials on treatment failure leads to lag in development of certain consensuses for retreatment

Suppressive effects of a polymer sodium silicate solution on powdery mildew and root rot diseases of miniature rose

Sodium silicate was dissolved in water in either a monomer form or polymer form; the effects of both forms of sodium silicate aqueous solution on rose powdery mildew and root rot diseases of miniature rose were examined. Both forms of sodium silicate aqueous solution were applied to the roots of the miniature rose. Potassium silicate aqueous solution was used as a control and was compared to the effect of sodium silicate aqueous solution. The polymer sodium silicate aqueous solution was the most effective treatment against both powdery mildew and root rot diseases. Moreover, no inhibition effects of silicate solutions were observed in vitro on Pythium helicoides, the causal pathogen of rose root rot disease. The silicon contents in the roots of the miniature rose treated with polymer sodium silicate were significantly greater than that in plants treated with monomer sodium silicate. In conclusion, the suppressive effects of sodium silicate in the polymer form were confirmed against powdery mildew and root rot diseases of the miniature rose.Keywords: Podosphaera pannosa, Pythium helicoides, miniature rose, polymer and monomer sodium silicat

Now You See Me : Diversity, CEO Education, and Bank Performance in the UK

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mechanism of biological control of Rhizoctonia damping-off of cucumber by a non-pathogenic isolate of binucleate Rhizoctonia

The interaction of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) anastomosis group (AG)-A isolate W7, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 and cucumber seedlings were  investigated to elucidate the mechanism of biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani by BNR. Hypocotyls of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jibai were inoculated with a virulent isolate of R. solani AG-4 isolate C4 and examined with light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The hyphae of the virulent isolate colonized the outer surface of the hypocotyl and penetrated the epidermal and cortical cells to the pith of hypocotyls. The hyphae of a non-pathogenic species of BNR isolate W7 did not penetrate the cortical cells but instead colonized the outer epidermal cells 12 h after inoculation. Accumulation of mucilage occurred on the surface after dense colonization of the hypocotyls surface by the BNR. Observation of the hypocotyls surface pre-inoculated with BNR and challenged inoculated with R. solani showed constricted and deformed hyphae of R. solani, which were prevented to penetrate the epidermal cells. Pre-inoculating of BNR isolate caused profused formation of the mucilage which lysed BNR hyphae and restricted the growth of R. solani. The mucilage was identified as pectic substances. Analysis of pectin contents from dried hypocotyls tissues showed highly methylated pectin with low uronic acid contents in the seedlings inoculated with R. solani and unprotected by BNR while BNR- treated seedlings showed less methylated pectin and high amount of uronic acid. Furthermore, the BNR-inoculated seedlings showed significant (P = 0.05) increase in calcium, indicating high amount of wall-bound cations in cell walls. Pectic substances accumulation and increased calcium in the cucumber tissues greatly contributed in the protection of cucumber seedlings against Rhizoctonia damping off by a non-pathogenic species of Rhizoctonia.Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani, binucleate Rhizoctonia, cucumber, biological controlAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(5), pp. 640-650, 29 January, 201

Comparative analysis of common full scale reactors for dry anaerobic digestion process

Organic solid wastes are produced with large amount wherever there are human activities. However, improper treated organic wastes made them as sources of diseases. On the other hand, these fractions contain nutrients and energy, so they have also valuable resources. As a result, exploring their potential as an energy source can be accomplish via anaerobic digestion process, in which, organics converted into hydrogen, methane and/or ethanol. Therefore, this manuscript introduces an overview of the common applied types of reactor that can handle these types of wastes in their solid state and recover them in term of biogas, as well as, stabilize the produced digestate to bio-fertilizers by compositing approach. A comparison also listed to demonstrate the optimum operational conditions and expected amount of biogas from each type

Numerical simulation of droplet impact on wettability-patterned surfaces

© 2020 American Physical Society. Numerical simulations have unexplored potential in the study of droplet impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces. In this paper, we compare numerical and experimental results to investigate the application potential of a volume-of-fluid method utilized in OpenFOAM. The approach implements the Kistler model for the dynamic contact angle of impacting droplets. We begin with an investigation into the influence of the most important solver parameters to optimize the computational setup and reach the best compromise between computational cost and solution errors, as assessed in comparison to experimental results. Next, we verify the accuracy of the predictions for droplet impact on uniformly hydrophilic or superhydrophobic surfaces. Benchmarking the maximal spreading factor, contact, and spreading times, as well as contact-line behavior, we show strong agreement between the present numerical results and the models of Pasandideh-Fard, Phys. Fluids 8, 650 (1996)PHFLE61070-663110.1063/1.868850 and Clanét, J. Fluid Mech. 517, 199 (2004)JFLSA70022-112010.1017/S0022112004000904. Lastly, we demonstrate the capability of the model to accurately predict outcome behaviors of droplets striking distributed-wettability surfaces, which introduce 3D outcome characteristics, even in orthogonal impact. The model successfully predicts droplet splitting and vectoring, as reported in the experiments of Schutzius, Sci. Rep. 4, 7029 (2014)2045-232210.1038/srep07029. Finally, we demonstrate a configuration wherein a droplet centrally strikes a circular disk of different wettability than its surrounding domain. The main contribution of the present paper is a numerical model capable of accurately simulating droplet impact on spatially nonuniform wettability patterns of any foreseeable design

Droplet orthogonal impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces

The vast majority of prior studies on droplet impact have focused on collisions of liquid droplets with spatially homogeneous (i.e., uniform-wettability) surfaces. But in recent years, there has been growing interest on droplet impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces, which are more relevant in practice. This paper presents first an experimental study of axisymmetric droplet impact on wettability-patterned surfaces. The experiments feature millimeter-sized water droplets impacting centrally with on a flat surface that has a circular region of wettability (Area 1) surrounded by a region of wettability (Area 2), where (i.e., outer domain is less wettable than the inner one). Depending upon the droplet momentum at impact, the experiments reveal the existence of three possible regimes of axisymmetric spreading, namely (I) interior (only within Area 1) spreading, (II) contact-line entrapment at the periphery of Area 1, and (III) exterior (extending into Area 2) spreading. We present an analysis based on energetic principles for , and further extend it for cases where (i.e., the outer domain is more wettable than the inner one). The experimental observations are consistent with the scaling and predictions of the analytical model, thus outlining a strategy for predicting droplet impact behavior for more complex wettability patterns

Micro-structural Auditory Pathway Changes in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss with or without Tinnitus, could diffusion tensor imaging be valuable?

Background: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can assess tissue microstructure. It's challenging to identify sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) cause suing CT or MRI without significant gross disruption. Objectives: to assess microstructural integrity of auditory neural pathway SNHL patients with or without tinnitus by DTI. Patients and methods: This prospective, case-control study included 55 subjects in three groups: 30 healthy volunteers in control group (GI), 12 patients in bilateral SNHL without tinnitus group (GII), and 13 patients in bilateral SNHL with tinnitus group (GIII) were MRI-assessed using 1.5 Tesla GE machine. Ordinary one-way ANOVA test was used to compare groups with normal distributions, Kroskal Wallis test: compares groups with abnormally distributed data; post-hoc test: determines significance between pairs. Results: ANOVA test revealed statistically significant difference at Lateral lemniscus(LL), Inferior colliculus(IC), medial geniculate body (MGB), auditory radiation(AR), Superior temporal gyrus(STG), Hippocampus, amygdala, Superior longitudinal fasciculus(SLF), genu and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) with P value ≤0.05. Post-hoc test: group II had lower FA comparing to group I at LL, MGB, IC, AR, STG, genu and splenium of CC. In group III the forementioned regions were affected besides hippocampus and amygdala. Group III had statistically significant lower FA values compared to group II at LL, IC, MGB, hippocampus, amygdala, SLF, genu and splenium of CC. Conclusion: Using DTI to assess microstructural integrity of auditory pathway, SNHL is associated with white matter microstructure affection as proved by the current study, and presence of tinnitus is associated with limbic system affection

Diagnostics and outcome predictorso drug induced liver injury: a single center prospective study

Background: Although drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare clinical event, it carries significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic approach of DILI is still challenging because of lack of reliable markers that would allow distinguishing DILI from other causes of liver injury. Objective: To study the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and their relation to outcome of patients with DILI. Patients and Methods: Case control study conducted on 80 participants divided into two groups; Group I 40 patients with acute DILI and Group II 40 patients with acute viral induced liver injury. Subjects were systematically evaluated for clinical and laboratory characteristics, other etiologies, severity of DILI with application of Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and liver biopsy whenever feasible and were all followed for 6 months thereafter. Results: Diclofenac was the most incriminated drug in DILI group (16 cases, 40%). Hepatocellular injury pattern was more common (28 cases, 70%). Infection with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) were the commonest etiology of viral hepatitis (32 cases, 80%). All patients with acute viral hepatitis, improved with no recorded mortality nor chronicity. While 6 patients (15%) with DILI died. Conclusion: The diagnostic approach of DILI is still rudimentary and inaccurate and require high index of suspicion and thus, careful assessment is required to distinguish DILI from other causes of liver injury