PERBEDAAN KADAR INTERLEUKIN-6 DAN ENZIM HEPAR BERDASARKAN DERAJAT KLINIS PASIEN COVID-19 DI RSUP DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG

Latar belakang: Derajat klinis COVID-19 mulai dari tanpa gejala, sampai berat yang dapat mengancam jiwa. Mekanisme patogenesis COVID-19 adalah terjadi pelepasan sitokin salah satunya interleukin-6 (IL-6) dikenal dengan badai siotokin, yang menyebabkan komplikasi pada berbagai organ termasuk hepar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kadar IL-6 dan enzim hepar berdasarkan derajat klinis pasien COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian yaitu pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang dari 1 Januari 2021 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2021. Analisis perbedaan kadar IL-6, SGOT dan SGPT berdasarkan derajat klinis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil: Karakteristik subjek penelitian, sebagian besar adalah kelompok usia kurang dari 50 tahun (42,06%); perempuan (56,15%); derajat klinis sedang (42,06%). Kadar IL-6 lebih tinggi pada derajat klinis kritis dibandingkan berat, sedang, dan ringan (92,20 pg/ml vs 75,30 pg/ml vs 17,10 pg/ml vs 11,90 pg/ml). Kadar SGOT lebih tinggi pada klinis kritis dan berat (39,00 IU/L) daripada sedang dan ringan (24,00 IU/L vs. 21,50 IU/L), dan kadar SGPT lebih tinggi pada klinis kritis daripada berat (31,00 IU/L vs. 28,50 IU/L), tetapi pada klinis ringan lebih tinggi dari sedang (22,50 IU/L vs. 20,50 IU/L). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar IL-6 berdasarkan derajat klinis COVID-19 (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar SGOT dan SGPT berdasarkan derajat klinis COVID-19 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: : Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar IL-6, SGOT, dan SGPT berdasarkan derajat klinis COVID-19. Makin naik derajat klinis COVID-19 maka kadar IL-6, SGOT, dan SGPT cenderung meningkat

Effect of Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: A Narrative Literature Review

Exposure to cigarette smoke has been known to be a major risk factor for lung cancer. Although smoking has long been considered the main cause of lung cancer, about 5 to 25% of lung cancer cases occur in non-smokers. Radon is said to be the second most important cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon-222 is a chemical element in the form of a highly radioactive gas that comes from the decay of the parent radioactive element, uranium, which is found in the earth's crust. Inhaled radon gas can adhere to the mucosal lining of the airways and damage the airway epithelium. The process of ionizing radiation by alpha particles due to the decay of radioactive substances can cause mutations and chromosomal aberrations, severance of DNA double chains, and formation of reactive oxygen species. (ROS) that cause cell cycle changes, up-and down-regulation of cytokines, and increased production of proteins associated with cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. Research on radon and lung cancer has not been widely conducted in Indonesia. This literature review aims to describe radon and its effects on lung health

Relationship between Initial CT Value, Inflammatory Markers, and Onset of Clinical Symptoms with Outcomes of Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang

Background: Treatment given for COVID-19 includes the provision of antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, and treatment of comorbidities and complications. The success of treatment in COVID-19 patients does not only depend on the drug given but is also influenced by clinical manifestations, clinical phase, and the presence or absence of complications and comorbidities. This study aims to assess the relationship between initial CT values, inflammatory markers, and symptom onset on treatment outcomes for COVID-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort approach in confirmed COVID-19 patients treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang between 1st January – and 31st May 2021. The sample is the population that meets the inclusion criteria; confirmed COVID-19 from the results of RT PCR/TCM SARS-CoV-2, aged &gt; 18 years, including the clinical degree of moderate, severe, critical illness. Exclusion criteria were patients with incomplete medical record data. Univariate analysis is intended to describe each research variable so that the distribution and percentage of each variable are presented in tabular form. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square statistical test to see the relationship between variables. Results: COVID-19 patients being treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang were mostly in the age group above 50 years, namely 59.6%, and the female sex was treated more than the male, namely 55.5%. The moderate clinical grade is the highest proportion of hospitalized patients, namely 64.3%, followed by critical clinical 30.0% and severe clinical 5.6%. There is no relationship between the initial CT value and the outcome of COVID-19 patients. There is a relationship between IL-6 levels (initial) with the outcome of Covid-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. There is no relationship between the onset of clinical symptoms and the outcome of Covid-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. Conclusion: There is a relationship between IL-6 levels (initial) with patient outcomes, need for oxygen therapy, ferritin levels with the incidence of sepsis, initial albumin levels with initial D-Dimer levels, and IL-6 levels with D-dimers in COVID-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang