Crystal structure of 1,1'-bis[1,7-dicarba-<i>closo</i>-dodecaborane(11)]

In the title compound, C4H22B20, the two {1,7-closo-C2B10H11} cages are linked across a centre of inversion, with C—C = 1.5401 (16) Å. The position of the second non-linking cage C atom was established unambiguously by geometric and crystallographic methods and there is no evidence of C/B disorder

National Canadian Pharmacare: Pros, Cons, and Challenges

While Canada is known as a leader in global healthcare due to our universal medical coverage, there is a large gap in our current program; Canada is the only country in the world with universal health care that excludes prescription coverage. There is extensive evidence supporting the establishment of a national pharmacare program, such as expanded job opportunities and reductions in prescription medication costs nationally, but there are also limitations to such a program. Concerns with overprescribing, reduction in the variety of available medications, and variable support from Canadians, require careful consideration of this issue from all angles when seeking to implement this program. In addition to these concerns, there are various challenges that would arise if such a program were to be implemented. These include the logistics of a national pharmacare program in our country where healthcare is a provincial jurisdiction, the need for a long-term and stable program, national and inter-provincial record-keeping improvements, and increased public costs.Ultimately, an effective national pharmacare program must take into consideration all of these points, and balance the benefits and downfalls noted, to create a system that supports more comprehensive healthcare for Canadians. This research was completed by reviewing peer- reviewed journal articles obtained through the SFU library database, assigned book readings, and through online search of relevant articles and webpages

Finding the Balance between Security and Human Rights in the EU Border Security Ecosystem

In order to address the ‘complex landscape’ of large-scale information systems which have developed within the fields of migration and security, the European Union adopted two Regulations on Interoperability (Reg (EU) 2019/817 and Reg (EU) 2019/818) on the 20th May 2019. These twin Regulations establish a framework composed of four components: firstly, a European Search Portal (ESP); secondly, a Shared Biometric Matching Service (BMS); thirdly, a Common Identity Repository (CIR); and fourthly, a Multiple-Identity Detector (MID).Through these components, the EU seeks to close information gaps which exist between the various information systems, enabling the different systems to supplement each other. The EU argues that doing so helps to ensure the correct identification of individuals presenting themselves at an EU border, and assists in achieving a number of aims such as improving the effectiveness of external border checks, preventing illegal immigration and contributing to a high level of security within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.While beneficial from the standpoint of simplifying data exchange, these Regulations raise significant human rights concerns, particularly in relation to privacy and data protection. Through considering this ‘complex landscape’ through a holistic perspective, this article considers whether rather than simplifying how the information within these databases are accessed, the Interoperability Regulations, in fact, further complicates it, by failing to take into account the importance of the respective purposes behind each individual database.As an ecosystems approach highlights, rather than looking at the interoperability provisions in isolation, greater attention should be paid to the wider context within which these databases have developed. It is suggested that by ignoring this context, these Regulations prioritise the development of new tools for security purposes at the expense of the human rights of migrants

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEREDARAN NARKOBA DI KALANGAN GENERASI MUDA

Hukum merupakan alat yang efektif untuk melindungi manusia dari tindakan yang membahayakan diri mereka sendiri, seperti misalnya peredaran gelap dan penyalahgunaan narkotika. Peredaran narkotika dikalangan remaja dipengaruhi oleh factor internal dan eksternal. Secara psikologis prilaku remaja juga masih belum stabil sehingga masih mudah terpengaruhi lingkungan sekitar. Kata Kunci: Narkob

Foreigners, immigrants and persons with a 'migration background': what kind of official data are needed in Germany?

Zwischen Produzenten und Nutzern amtlicher Statistik besteht ein dauerhafter Interessenkonflikt. Alle Nutzer, seien es Ministerien mit je eigenen Programmen oder Wissenschaftler im Felde der Migrationssoziologie, stellen unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die jeweilige Datenquelle. Die Produzenten der Datenquellen wiederum sind finanziellen Restriktionen unabänderlich unterworfen, die ausschliessen, die weitreichenden Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Die Zwänge führten in Deutschland dazu, bestehende Quellen (das Ausländerzentralregister AZR und den Mikrozensus) und zuverlässige Variablen (Staatsbürgerschaft) anzupassen. Dies wiederum bewirkte, dass nun selbst die Verantwortlichen die auf Dauer unbefriedende Lage erkannten. Insbesondere fehlt eine Quelle, die verknüpfende Analysen der Modi von Inklusion/ Exklusion (z.B. Staatsbürgerschaft, Einwanderungsmodus, Aufenthaltsstatus) mit Daten zu Humankapital (Bildungsabschluss, etc.) und sozioökonomischen Variablen erlaubt. Ohne sie wird es weiterhin schwierig sein, genaue Information über den Integrationsprozess allein aus amtlichen Quellen zu beziehen. (SK übers.

Dog Ownership as a Catalyst of Conflict and Relationship Maintenance in Romantic Relationships

Pets are a common aspect of life for many Americans. In 2012, 36.5% of American household owned dogs and 30.4% owned cats (American Veterinary Medical Foundation, 2012). The purpose on this study was to explore the influence of dog ownership on romantic relationships. Specifically, this thesis investigates how dog ownership acts as a catalyst of relational maintenance and conflict behavior in interactions about the couple\u27s dog. No prior research has been conducted on the role dogs\u27 play in enacting relational maintenance or conflict in romantic relationships, so it is unclear if there is an influence to the these behaviors. This study asks how dog ownership might act as a centripetal force pulling the relationship together (e.g. relational maintenance) and/or as a centrifugal force pushing the partners apart (e.g. conflict). A total of 379 participants were recruited through social media to complete a short online survey. The survey asked questions on the romantic relationship, dog ownership, conflict regarding the dog, relational maintenance activities regarding the dog, and demographics. The majority of participants reported engaging in 8 of the 24 relational maintenance activities often or always and 3 of the 30 conflict topics occurred at least one or more times. Satisfaction with the romantic relationship associated positively with partial weak and negligible correlations to the relational maintenance activities and one negligible association with a conflict topic. A thematic analysis provides details on the short answers participants provided. The results shows that dogs do provide couples opportunities for relational maintenance but also are the source of conflict. This research is the start to understanding the role of dog ownership within romantic relationship. While each couple and dog may produce different influences on the relationship, this study is the start for the investigation and provides guidance for future research