Ectoparasites and endo-helminths from pigs in Abakaliki and Izzi Local Government areas, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Parasitism affects output in pig production and introduces high risks of diseases. This study investigated ectoparasites and endo-helminths of pigs in Abakaliki and Izzi Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty eight (168) pigs were examined for both ecto- and faecal parasites. Snowball and simple random sampling techniques were employed in the study. Faecal samples collected using appropriate procedures were processed and examined using concentration techniques. Collection and processing of ectoparasites followed standard parasitological procedures. The recovered parasites were identified using morphological characteristics and standard guides. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Overall, 44 pigs (26.1 %) were infested with ectoparasites. Pigs were infested most with Ctenocephalides canis (9.52 %) and least with Haemaphysalis species (1.79 %). There was significant difference (p = 0.042) in prevalence of C. canis with respect to sex. Sixty eight pigs (40.48 %) were infected with faecal parasites. Ascaris suum had the highest overall prevalence (17.86 %) while Taenia solium had the least (1.79 %). There was no significant difference between faecal parasite infection and age of pigs (p>0.05). However, a significant association (p = 0.026) was established between sex of pigs and infection with Fasciola hepatica. Thirteen (7.74 %) and 14(8.33 %) of the pigs were infested and infected respectively with more than one parasite taxa. Parasitism increased with advancement in age of pigs. Adequate utilization of veterinary services, good sanitation and proper training of farmers are recommended

Extent of Role Conflict Among Principals and Teachers on the Administration of Secondary School in Ebonyi State

This study set out to investigate the impact of role conflicts among principals and teachers on the administration of secondary schools in Ebonyi State. It was a descriptive survey. The study was guided by two (2) research questions and two (2) hypotheses, all derived from the purpose of the study. The population of the study consists of five thousand and forty seven (5047) teaching staff in the 221 secondary schools in the three education zones of Ebonyi State. A total sample of one thousand four hundred and seventy (1470) teachers and ninety eight (98) principals were sampled and was used for the study. A stratified proportionate random sampling technique was adopted by the researcher to select a sample of 98 principals and fifteen (15) teachers in each of the ninety eight (98) secondary schools from Afikpo, Onueke and Abakaliki respectively; given 1470 teachers for the study. Researcher developed instrument titled Principals Teachers role Conflict Questionnaire (PTRCOQ) was used for data collection The data were analysed using arithmetic mean and z-test statistics. The findings showed that there are no significant differences in the mean opinion scores of principals and teachers on the extent conflict between them arising from the role' performance of a principal in the areas of supervision, finance management, discipline and decision making affect secondary school administration. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations were made regarding the various strategies to reduce conflict in secondary school administration which include among others; there should be very clear job description for both teachers and principals as this will help to reduce role confusion in secondary school. Principals should also strive to adopt democratic principles in school administration. This will help to promote team work and also enhance teacher's commitment in teaching and learning activities. Keywords: Role Conflict, Principals and Teachers, Administration, Secondary Schoo