China‟s Peace Efforts in Africa since the End of the Cold War

Africa‟s post-Cold War relationship with China has created a polemical binary. Its critics dismiss it as nothing but an accretion in Africa‟s asymmetric, neocolonialist relationship with developed countries. They give the economic aspect of it a disproportionately large amount of attention, with the result that their argument mostly terminates at the point where it tries to implicate China‟s appetite for raw materials and overseas markets in the so-called „Second Scramble for Africa‟. On the other hand, its proponents describe it as symbiotic and as critical to the efforts to leverage the continent‟s bargaining power in the international economic system. This paper seeks to cure the defects in the critics‟ argument by drawing attention to China‟s peace efforts on the continent since the end of the Cold War. It suggests the expansion of those efforts. Secondary sources and the historical method are used

Exploring the Three-Way Destination Safety Solution to Crisis Management in Tourist Destinations in Rural Nigeria

Development of tourist destinations is among topical issues in national discourse for economic growth and sustainability. The past two decades have witnessed massive development and investment in tourist destinations in rural areas. This is owing to the fact that rural tourism has been identified as among the development options for rural communities in most developing nations. Of recent, crisis and other safety issues have been among the militating factors against tourist destinations hence the cry for destination safety. These are said to emanate from the activities of the three major principals in the management of tourist destinations (hosts, tourism resources, and tourists/visitors). Incidentally, destination safety discourse is source of worry for these principal factors in tourist destination management. This has left many tourist destinations devastated, abandoned and abused. However, this chapter proposal would seek to identify the way out of this predicament. It tends to explore the meaning and application of the three-way destination safety (TWaDeSS) model in the management of crisis at tourist destinations in rural Nigeria. This will not only promote harmony among the three major principals in tourist destination but also enhance the rate of investment as a result of quality crisis control in these destinations

Developing Heritage Tourism in Imo State, Nigeria: Socio-Economic and Cultural Gains

The Igbo area of Nigeria and other parts of Africa has unique natural environment coupled with the rich socio-cultural characteristics making one of the notable beehives of heritage tourists. This is peculiar to areas with harnessed heritage tourism potentials. The major challenge has been the knowledge of the availability of heritage tourism potentials, indispensable contribution of heritage tourism to socio-economic development, and sustainable development and management of heritage resources for tourism promotion. Imo, as one of the 36 states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is distinguished amongst other states in the Igbo area of Nigeria with great potentials of heritage tourism development. This is made manifest in the availability of various classes of heritage resources that are evenly distributed amongst various communities in the state. This paper had an in-depth study on the heritage resources in Imo State and their various classes. The paper also looked at various developmental stratagem and models towards ensuring a sustainable heritage tourism development in the state for socio-economic development and preservation of the heritage resources and rich value system of the people. Keywords: Imo, Sustainable tourism, preservation, heritage resources, heritage tourism, socio-economic development, Cultural gains, TCIM Model

Igbo Post-Contact Proverbs of the Inyi Community

This article is on post-contact proverbs in Inyi community of southeastern Nigeria. Before now, there is no ethnography on post-contact Inyi proverbs. To acquire data, the researcher used the quantitative research method. Interview schedule and participant observation are the instruments of data collection. Post-contact proverbs in Inyi were obtained from Umunna meetings and traditional marriage ceremonies and also from respondents who are Okenyes or Inyi elders versed in Inyi culture. The meanings of these proverbs and the occasions in which they are used were also obtained. Forty-four post-contact proverbs were collected during the fieldwork. The eleven (11) contact proverbs which were obtained during participant observation were utilized by Inyi indigenes who were younger than the Okenyes. The remaining thirty-three post-contact proverbs came from the Okenyes. The need for a wider study of Igbo post-contact proverbs is advanced

Igbo Post-Contact Proverbs of the Inyi Community

This article is on post-contact proverbs in Inyi community of southeastern Nigeria. Before now, there is no ethnography on post-contact Inyi proverbs. To acquire data, the researcher used the quantitative research method. Interview schedule and participant observation are the instruments of data collection. Post-contact proverbs in Inyi were obtained from Umunna meetings and traditional marriage ceremonies and also from respondents who are Okenyes or Inyi elders versed in Inyi culture. The meanings of these proverbs and the occasions in which they are used were also obtained. Forty-four post-contact proverbs were collected during the fieldwork. The eleven (11) contact proverbs which were obtained during participant observation were utilized by Inyi indigenes who were younger than the Okenyes. The remaining thirty-three post-contact proverbs came from the Okenyes. The need for a wider study of Igbo post-contact proverbs is advanced

Guangzhou’s African Migrants: Implications for China’s Social Stability and China-Africa Relations

Until recently migration was treated like a footnote in the Africa-China discourse. Previously researchers and the media had focused attention on the “cost-benefit analysis” of China‘ s economic penetration of the continent. However, since 2008 when over a hundred African migrants blocked a major street in Guangzhou protesting the death of a Nigerian in an immigration raid, researchers and the media have been falling over themselves to unpack the phenomenon of migrant exchange in the relationship. There are now about one million Chinese migrants in Africa as against about two hundred and fifty thousand African migrants in China. Migration is a two-edged sword. On the credit side, migration can be a bridge between peoples as well as a major contributor to economic development. On the debit side, it can be a source of dispute between peoples and a threat to the hosts’ social stability. This paper discusses the implications of Guangzhou’s African migrants for China’s social stability and China’s relationship with Africa

Living a burdensome and demanding life: a qualitative systematic review of the patients experiences of peripheral arterial disease

<div><p>Background</p><p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of individuals. Understanding the experiences of people living with PAD will be useful in developing comprehensive patient-centred secondary prevention therapies for this population.</p><p>Aim</p><p>The aim of this study is to identify first-hand accounts of patients’ experiences of living with PAD.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Six databases (CINALH, PsyclNFO, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, Social citation index/Science citation index via Web of Science (WOS)) and reference lists of identified studies were searched until September 2017 (updated February 2018). Qualitative studies reporting patients’ account of living with PAD were eligible for inclusion. A framework thematic synthesis was implemented.</p><p>Results</p><p>Fourteen studies with 360 participants were included. Pain and walking limitation were recurrent among the varied symptom descriptions. Patients’ ignorance and trivialisation of symptoms contributed to delays in diagnosis. Inadequate engagement in disease understanding and treatment decisions meant patients had poor attitudes towards walking treatments and unrealistic expectations about surgery. Depending on symptom progression, patients battle with walking impairment, powerlessness, and loss of independence which were a source of burden to them. Lack of disease understanding is central through patients’ journey with PAD and, although they subsequently began adaptation to long term living with PAD, many worried about their future.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Disease understanding is vital across the illness trajectory in patients with PAD. Although certain experiences are common throughout patient journey, some might be unique to a particular stage (e.g. unrealistic expectation about surgery, or rationale of walking in spite of pain in a supervised exercise program). Given that PAD is an overarching construct ranging from the mildest form of intermittent claudication to severe critical limb ischemia with ulceration and gangrene, consideration of important patient constructs specific to each stage of the disease may enhance treatment success. Systematic review registration CRD42017070417.</p></div