Anesthesia and Sedation

Anxiety control and patient comfort are integral components of everyday oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) practice. Moderate sedation, deep sedation (DS), and general anesthesia (GA) have been successfully administered by and in the offices of oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) and their anesthesia teams for more than 50 years. The goal of moderate sedation, DS, or GA in the OMFS office is to establish an environment in which patients are comfortable and cooperative while allowing the surgeon to safely perform the operation. This requires meticulous care in which the practitioner balances the depth of sedation and level of responsiveness while maintaining a patent airway, proper and adequate ventilation, and optimal cardiovascular hemodynamics. The record of safety among OMSs with this form of outpatient anesthesia is exemplary. The impressive morbidity and mortality statistics support the concept that the OMFS anesthesia team model is a safe, efficient, and cost‐effective model for office‐based ambulatory surgical‐anesthesia care. Safe anesthesia practice depends on various items, including goals of anesthesia, selecting the proper patient, anesthetic technique utilized, drug regimen selection, monitoring, anesthetic team (staff and anesthesia provider) training, and the team\u27s preparedness to handle unanticipated complications and medical/anesthetic emergencies

Comparative Efficacy of Video and Text Instructional Modalities for an Oral Surgery Technique among Dental Students

Purpose: To gauge the efficacy of video media in pre-doctoral oral and maxillofacial surgery education and compare it to traditional text-based learning materials. Methods: Twenty novice dental students were randomly divided into two groups to place an Erich arch bar to the maxillary dentition of a dentoform. Group A was given a 10 minute video instruction while Group B was given 10 minutes to review written text instruction. All participants were given 45 minutes to place the arch bar on a dentoform while being recorded. This session concluded with a survey of student perceptions using the SEEQ. The students then alternated instructional modalities and again evaluated using the SEEQ. Two double-blinded clinical OMS faculty evaluated the recordings in accordance with the standards detailed in the ABPAS. Results: The difference in the post-instructional skill scores of Group A and Group B students was deemed not significant (p = 0.46). Overall, the students expressed significant preference for the video modality compared to the textual modality. The difference of the scores in each preference category between the video and text modalities were all found to be significant with p-values well below 0.05. Conclusion: Educators must remain cognizant towards the benefits of new technology and continue to explore newer, potentially more efficacious modalities such as interactive teaching materials. These benefits may be utilized to help increase student engagement and increase long-term retention of the material. It is imperative to understand the limits of each method and balance them strategically to offer comprehensive healthcare training

Creating symbolic cultures of consumption: an analysis of the content of sports wagering advertisements in Australia

Background: Since 2008, Australia has seen the rapid emergence of marketing for online and mobile sports wagering. Previous research from other areas of public health, such as tobacco and alcohol, has identified the range of appeal strategies these industries used to align their products with culturally valued symbols. However, there is very limited research that has investigated the tactics the sports wagering industry uses within marketing to influence the consumption of its products and services. Method: This study consisted of a mixed method interpretive content analysis of 85 sports wagering advertisements from 11 Australian and multinational wagering companies. Advertisements were identified via internet searches and industry websites. A coding framework was applied to investigate the extent and nature of symbolic appeal strategies within advertisements. Results: Ten major appeal strategies emerged from this analysis. These included sports fan rituals and behaviours; mateship; gender stereotypes; winning; social status; adventure, thrill and risk; happiness; sexualised imagery; power and control; and patriotism. Symbols relating to sports fan rituals and behaviours, and mateship, were the most common strategies used within the advertisements. Discussion/Conclusions: This research suggests that the appeal strategies used by the sports wagering industry are similar to those strategies adopted by other unhealthy commodity industries. With respect to gambling, analysis revealed that strategies are clearly targeted to young male sports fans. Researchers and public health practitioners should seek to better understand the impact of marketing on the normalisation of sports wagering for this audience segment, and implement strategies to prevent gambling harm

An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1+ profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas

An Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst in an 8-Year-Old: A Case Report with Differential Diagnosis

ABSTRACTBackground Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst that is clinically and histomorphologically different than odontogenic keratocyst (OKC).Case Description OOC is a distinct entity from OKC with a unique biological behavior, pathogenesis, and prognosis. The distinction between these entities is paramount because unlike OKCs, OOCs rarely recur after simple enucleation and are not associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. We present a case of an 8-year-old male with an OOC of the right posterior mandible along with a differential diagnosis and discussion of OOCs and its common mimics

C.E. Credit. Xanthogranuloma of the Palate in an Adult: A Case Report with Differential Diagnosis

ABSTRACTBackground Solitary oral mucosal xanthogranuloma, previously termed juvenile xanthogranuloma, is exceedingly rare in adults. Extracutaneous lesions are similarly rarely seen; and the condition generally affects infants and children.Methods This case report documents only the second occurrence of an adult oral xanthogranuloma on the palatal mucosa. For the clinician, a differential diagnosis is presented to include several disease categories, including traumatic, infectious/inflammatory, and neoplastic.Conclusions General dentists, dental specialists, and pathologists should be cognizant of this disease, and xanthogranuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign tumors of the palatal and oral mucosa, especially when a histiocytic entity is being considered.Practical Implications Dentists, dermatologists, and general practitioners may be the first to recognize this rare condition during inspection of the oral cavity.Continuing Education Credit Available: The practice worksheet is available online in the supplemental material tab for this article.A CDA Continuing Education quiz is online for this article: https://www.cdapresents360.com/learn/catalog/view/2

Comparative Efficacy of Video and Text Instructional Modalities for an Oral Surgery Technique among Dental Students

Purpose: To gauge the efficacy of video media in pre-doctoral oral and maxillofacial surgery education and compare it to traditional text-based learning materials. Methods: Twenty novice dental students were randomly divided into two groups to place an Erich arch bar to the maxillary dentition of a dentoform. Group A was given a 10 minute video instruction while Group B was given 10 minutes to review written text instruction. All participants were given 45 minutes to place the arch bar on a dentoform while being recorded. This session concluded with a survey of student perceptions using the SEEQ. The students then alternated instructional modalities and again evaluated using the SEEQ. Two double-blinded clinical OMS faculty evaluated the recordings in accordance with the standards detailed in the ABPAS. Results: The difference in the post-instructional skill scores of Group A and Group B students was deemed not significant (p = 0.46). Overall, the students expressed significant preference for the video modality compared to the textual modality. The difference of the scores in each preference category between the video and text modalities were all found to be significant with p-values well below 0.05. Conclusion: Educators must remain cognizant towards the benefits of new technology and continue to explore newer, potentially more efficacious modalities such as interactive teaching materials. These benefits may be utilized to help increase student engagement and increase long-term retention of the material. It is imperative to understand the limits of each method and balance them strategically to offer comprehensive healthcare training