Difficulties in learning Arabic for non - native speakers

هدف البحث عن الكشف عن صعوبات تعلم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها بالجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة، وذلك من خلال  إعداد استبانة تحديد المهارات المناسبة، ومن ثم وضع اختبار تشخيصي تم تطبيقه على (50) طالبَا من  الطلاب الملتحق بالجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة وتشمل عينة البحث ( السنة التحضيرية – كلية العلوم- معهد تعليم  اللغة العربية – كلية الهندسة – كلية الحاسب الآلي)، وأسفرت النتائج الى أن هناك العديد من صعوبات تعلم وتعليم اللغة العربية لغير لناطقين بها والعمل على تقديم بعض التوصيات للمساعدة على مراعاة بعض الطرق والاستراتيجيات التي تساعدهم على الإتقان لمهارات العربية. الكلمات المفتاحية: صعوبات تعلم – غير الناطقين بالعربية    Abstract: The objective of the research was to identify the difficulties of learning Arabic for non-native speakers at the Islamic University in Al-Madinah Al Munawwarah by preparing a questionnaire to identify the appropriate skills and then setting a diagnostic test applied to 50 students of the Islamic University in Madinah. College of Science - Institute of Arabic Language Teaching - Faculty of Engineering - Faculty of Computer), The results revealed that there are many difficulties learning and teaching Arabic language to non-linguists and work to make some recommendations to help to take into account some of the methods and strategies that help them to master the skills of Arabic. The current research used the descriptive method in the survey and description of educational literature and previous studies and research concerning the difficulties of learning Arabic for non-native speakers at the Islamic University in Madinah, where they were used during the preparation of research materials and tools and also during the writing of theoretical framework for research. key words: Difficulties - non-Arabic speaker

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83-0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders