Attitude, knowledge and practice of pediatricians in the prevention of early childhood caries

Background/Aim: The aim of the research was to examine the general attitude, knoweledge and practice of pediatricians about caries in children of preschool age. Material and Methods: The research was conducted from November 2019 to the end of January 2020. The research consisted of a survey of pediatricians. The questionnaire consisted of 4 modules and 37 questions, which related to the attitude, knowledge and practice of pediatricians on the prevention of early childhood caries. Results: The majority of pediatricians (84.9%) stated that they assess the nutrition of their patients, while 32.1% of them always do oral health assessment, and half of them in the second month of the child's life; and 39.6% assess oral health only if there is a problem. The majority of pediatricians (86.8%) recommended the first dental examination, most often in the first year of the child's life (79.5%), and then every 6 months (43.5%). The majority of respondents did not required information about the dental health of their patients' mothers, fluoride toothpastes and topical application of fluoride as well (62.3-75.5%). The majority of pediatricians (79.2%) have never provided or sometimes provided educational material on caries prevention and control to the parents of their patients. The most accurate answers and the highest percentage of correct answers that the pediatricians had were about attitudes (Z=8.98, 66.63%), while the fewest correct answers and the lowest percentage of correct answers regarding the practices on the prevention of early childhood caries (Z=11.91, 58.90%). Conclusions: The research showed that pediatricians have the good attitudes and knowledge, but do not implement prevention of early childhood caries in practice. The basic deficiency of attitude, knowledge and perception of the importance of prevention is a consequence of insufficient education of pediatricians

Karijes u djece u javnim vrtićima u Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina

Objectives: Dental caries first occurs within primary dentition in toddlers and preschool children, in a form of early childhood caries (ECC). In every day’s busy and employment burdened parenting, caretakers and institutions have become important even more nowadays, not only for forming child general behavior and character, but also for maintenance of their general and oral health as well. Aims: To evaluate the presence and severity of ECC in children who attended public kindergartens in Sarajevo, and to offer basic information for the maintenance and improvement of child oral health to their parents and kindergarten teachers. Methods: The study included 1722 preschool children aged 3-6 years who attended kindergartens within Sarajevo public kindergarten institution, together with their parents and kindergarten teachers. Dental team members gradually visited all kindergartens situated in four Sarajevo city municipalities and examined kindergarten children according to the WHO Oral Health Survey Manual. Oral health promotion material for parents and kindergarten teachers was also distributed simultaneously during sequential visits. Results: ECC was present in preschool kindergarten children in Sarajevo, with its high prevalence (67.71%), dmft-value (3.97) and severity (SiC index 8.79). There was also a significant lack of dental healthcare to examined children mostly related to lack of visiting dental offices by children’s parents (CI=10.55%, RI=10.80%, TI=12.98%). Conclusion: Parental role in preserving and improving of their children oral health should be systematically and profoundly improved. Kindergarten officials and staff should recognize the importance of anticariogenic diet menus and oral hygiene maintenance within their institutions.Uvod: Prva pojava zubnog karijesa događa se u mliječnoj denticiji male i predškolske djece i to u obliku karijesa ranog djetinjstva (KRD). U današnjem užurbanom i opterećenom roditeljstvu, osobe i institucije koje čuvaju djecu postale su još važnije, ne samo zato što oblikuju opće ponašanje i karakter djeteta, nego i zato što održavaju njegovo opće i oralno zdravlje. Cilj: Željela se procijeniti prisutnost i težina KRD-a kod djece koja su pohađala javne vrtiće u Sarajevu te roditeljima i odgajateljima ponuditi osnovne informacije o održavanju i poboljšanju oralnoga zdravlja njihove djece. Metode: Istraživanjem su bila obuhvaćena 1722 djeteta predškolske dobi od 3 do 6 godina koja su pohađala vrtiće u sklopu javnih vrtićkih ustanova u Sarajevu zajedno sa svojim roditeljima i odgajateljima. Članovi stomatološkog tima postupno su posjećivali sve vrtiće u četirima gradskim općinama i pregledali djecu prema Priručniku za pregled oralnoga zdravlja Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Tijekom tih posjeta također su roditeljima i odgajateljima podijeljeni materijali za promicanje oralnoga zdravlja. Rezultati: KRD je pronađen kod djece u sarajevskim predškolskim ustanovama – prevalencija je bila visoka, čak 67,71%, kep-vrijednost iznosila je 3,97, a težina je imala SiC indeks od 8,79. Kod pregledane djece uočen je i znatan nedostatak dentalne zdravstvene zaštite, a uglavnom je bio povezan s neodlaskom roditelja s djecom u stomatološke ordinacije (CI = 10,55 %, RI = 10,80 %, TI = 12,98 %). Zaključak: Skrb roditelja za očuvanje i poboljšanje oralnoga zdravlja njihove djece potrebno je sustavno i temeljito unaprjeđivati. Službenici i osoblje vrtića trebali bi u svojim ustanovama prepoznati važnost antikariogenih dijetetskih jelovnika i održavanja oralne higijene

Dental Caries Experience in Children in Public Kindergartens of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Objectives: Dental caries first occurs within primary dentition in toddlers and preschool children, in a form of early childhood caries (ECC). In every day’s busy and employment burdened parenting, caretakers and institutions have become important even more nowadays, not only for forming child general behavior and character, but also for maintenance of their general and oral health as well. Aims: To evaluate the presence and severity of ECC in children who attended public kindergartens in Sarajevo, and to offer basic information for the maintenance and improvement of child oral health to their parents and kindergarten teachers. Methods: The study included 1722 preschool children aged 3-6 years who attended kindergartens within Sarajevo public kindergarten institution, together with their parents and kindergarten teachers. Dental team members gradually visited all kindergartens situated in four Sarajevo city municipalities and examined kindergarten children according to the WHO Oral Health Survey Manual. Oral health promotion material for parents and kindergarten teachers was also distributed simultaneously during sequential visits. Results: ECC was present in preschool kindergarten children in Sarajevo, with its high prevalence (67.71%), dmft-value (3.97) and severity (SiC index 8.79). There was also a significant lack of dental healthcare to examined children mostly related to lack of visiting dental offices by children’s parents (CI=10.55%, RI=10.80%, TI=12.98%). Conclusion: Parental role in preserving and improving of their children oral health should be systematically and profoundly improved. Kindergarten officials and staff should recognize the importance of anticariogenic diet menus and oral hygiene maintenance within their institutions

Generating stereoscopic HDR images using HDR-LDR image pairs

A number of novel imaging technologies have been gaining popularity over the past few years. Foremost among these are stereoscopy and high dynamic range (HDR) Imaging. While a large body of research has looked into each of these imaging technologies independently, very little work has attempted to combine them. This is mostly due to the current limitations in capture and display. In this article, we mitigate problems of capturing Stereoscopic HDR (SHDR) that would potentially require two HDR cameras, by capturing an HDR and LDR pair and using it to generate 3D stereoscopic HDR content. We ran a detailed user study to compare four different methods of generating SHDR content. The methods investigated were the following: two based on expanding the luminance of the LDR image, and two utilizing stereo correspondence methods, which were adapted for our purposes. Results demonstrate that one of the stereo correspondence methods may be considered perceptually indistinguishable from the ground truth (image pair captured using two HDR cameras), while the other methods are all significantly distinct from the ground truth

Improving Accessibility to Intangible Cultural Heritage Preservation using Virtual Reality.

Presentations of virtual Cultural Heritage artifacts are often communicated via the medium of interactive digital storytelling. The synergy of a storied narrative embedded within a 3D virtual reconstruction context have high consumer appeal and edutainment value. We investigate if 360◦ videos presented through virtual reality further contribute to user immersion for the application of preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage. A case study then analyses whether conventional desktop media is significantly different than virtual reality as a medium for immersion in intangible heritage contexts. The case study describes bridge diving at Stari Most, the old bridge in Mostar Bosnia. This application aims to present and preserve the bridge diving tradition at this site. The project describes the site and history along with cultural connections, a series of quiz questions are presented after viewing all of the materials. Successful completion of the quiz allows a user to participate in a virtual bridge dive. The subjective evaluation provided evidence to suggest that our method is successful in preserving intangible heritage and communicating ideas in key areas of concern for this heritage that can be used to develop a preservation framework in the future. It was also possible to conclude that experience within the VR framework did not affect Effort Expectancy for the web application, but the same experience made a significant influence for the Performance Expectancy construct