Skull of <i>Micromeryx flourensianus</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A. (</b>a) Ventral view of NMB Sth. 834; (b) same as a with labelling of anatomic features; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#sec003" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for abbreviations.</p

Petrosal of <i>Micromeryx</i>? <i>eiselei</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> 3D reconstruction of right petrosal of NMB Sth.833 in (a) ventrolateral view; (b) dorsolateral view; (c) dorsomedial view; (d) ventromedial view; 3D reconstruction of left petrosal of SMNS 40010 in (e) ventrolateral view; (f) dorsolateral view; (g) dorsomedial view; (h) ventromedial view.</p

Skull of <i>Micromeryx</i>? <i>eiselei</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> (a) ventral view of SMNS 40010; (b) same as a with labelling of anatomic features; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#sec003" target="_blank">material and methods</a> for abbreviations.</p

Skull of <i>Micromeryx flourensianus</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> (a) dorsal view of NMB Sth. 834; (b) same as a with labelling of anatomic features; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#sec003" target="_blank">material and methods</a> for abbreviations.</p

Bivariate plot for dimensions of M3 of Moschidae from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> maximal anterior width (w ant (max)) in mm versus maximal length (l(max)) in mm; light-red non-filled diamonds: <i>M</i>. <i>flourensianus</i> from the type locality Sansan, dark-red filled diamonds: <i>M</i>. <i>flourensianus</i> from Steinheim am Albuch, green crosses: <i>M</i>. <i>azanzae</i> from Spain (after data from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#pone.0185679.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>]), blue circles: <i>M</i>.? <i>eiselei</i> from Steinheim a. A. (specimen in parentheses posteriorly fragmented; therefore, length measurement is a minimal estimate).</p

Petrosal of <i>M</i>. <i>flourensianus</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> 3D reconstruction of left petrosal of NMB Sth.834 (a) ventrolateral view; (b) dorsolateral view; (c) dorsomedial view; (d) ventromedial view.</p

Phylogenetic tree of selected ruminants.

<p>The tree is based on 50 characters, comprising 10 characters from the petrosal, 11 from the bony labyrinth, 19 from cranial bones, and 10 from the dentition. A list of unambiguous synapomorphies is given for each node (black circle: strict synapomorphy; white circle: homoplastic synapomorphy). For description of characters, characters states and coding see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#sec020" target="_blank">supporting information</a>.</p

Skull of <i>Micromeryx flourensianus</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> (a) dextral view of NMB Sth. 834; (b) same as a with labelling of anatomic features; (c) sinistral view of NMB Sth. 834; (d) same as c with labelling of anatomic features; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#sec003" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for abbreviations.</p

Palate of <i>Micromeryx flourensianus</i> from Steinheim a.

<p><b>A.</b> (a) ventral view of SMNS 15776; (b) same as a with labelling of anatomic features; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679#sec003" target="_blank">material and methods</a> for abbreviations.</p