An Updated Historical Profile of the Higgs Boson

The Higgs boson was postulated in 1964, and phenomenological studies of its possible production and decays started in the early 1970s, followed by studies of its possible production in electron-positron, antiproton-proton and proton-proton collisions, in particular. Until recently, the most sensitive searches for the Higgs boson were at LEP between 1989 and 2000, which were complemented by searches at the Fermilab Tevatron. Then the LHC experiments ATLAS and CMS entered the hunt, announcing on July 4, 2012 the discovery of a "Higgs-like" particle with a mass of about 125~GeV. This identification has been supported by subsequent measurements of its spin, parity and coupling properties. It was widely anticipated that the Higgs boson would be accompanied by supersymmetry, although other options, like compositeness, were not completely excluded. So far there are no signs any new physics, and the measured properties of the Higgs boson are consistent with the predictions of the minimal Standard Model. This article reviews some of the key historical developments in Higgs physics over the past half-century.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, update of arXiv:1201.6045, to be published in the volume "The Standard Theory of Particle Physics", edited by Luciano Maiani and Gigi Roland

Alien Registration- Ellis, Mary (Andover, Oxford County)

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Review of \u3ci\u3eFugitives from Justice: The Notebook of Texas Ranger Sergeant James B. Gillette\u3c/i\u3e By James B. Gillette

In 1878 the Texas Adjutant General issued each Texas Ranger a book listing all known fugitives from justice to assist in apprehending criminals. The book served as a blanket arrest warrant, listing more than 4,000 fugitives who were wanted in Texas for crimes such as murder, rape, serious assaults, and horse thefts. Organized by county, the list gave the name, crime, date of indictment, and occasionally the physical description of each fugitive. While on the move, Texas lawmen carried the book with them as a quick and easy reference tool whenever they located a suspected criminal. Fugitives from Justice is a reprint of James B. Gillette\u27s personal copy of the 1878 publication. Gillette served with the Texas Rangers from 1875 to 1881; in 1921 he published Six Years with the Texas Rangers, which chronicled his service as a Texas lawman. The original copy was donated by Gillette\u27s grandson to the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum in Waco, Texas. State House Press published this reproduction to honor the 175th anniversary of the Texas Rangers and the 30th anniversary of the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum. Readers should take note that this is not a history of the Texas Rangers. There is no narrative or analysis; there are only a few pictures. The publication is simply a listalthough a valuable one-of several thousand suspected criminals. In an introduction, Michael D. Morrison, the mayor of Waco, briefly discusses the history of the Texas Rangers, Gillette\u27s life, and the physical appearance of the book itself. Unfortunately, the introduction is rather thin, failing to fully highlight the volume\u27s significance. Readers will need to look deeper to uncover its historical value. Fugitives from Justice, if properly used, will provide rewarding information on crime and violence in Texas during the 1870s. For example, a quantitative analysis of the data will shed light on crime types and rates, while a county-by-county breakdown of the list will allow for a geographic interpretation of criminal activity. Furthermore, the overwhelming number of fugitives within this book supports the thesis that the American West was a violent and lawless region. Although the average reader will find little of value here, research libraries and collectors of Texas Ranger paraphernalia will want to add this volume to their collections. And, oddly enough, it could also prove useful to genealogists with Texas roots in their family trees. With thousands of names and a handy index, this list of Texas\u27s most wanted may point the way to finding a nineteenth-century relative with a shady background

WOI

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Review of \u3ci\u3eFugitives from Justice: The Notebook of Texas Ranger Sergeant James B. Gillette\u3c/i\u3e By James B. Gillette

In 1878 the Texas Adjutant General issued each Texas Ranger a book listing all known fugitives from justice to assist in apprehending criminals. The book served as a blanket arrest warrant, listing more than 4,000 fugitives who were wanted in Texas for crimes such as murder, rape, serious assaults, and horse thefts. Organized by county, the list gave the name, crime, date of indictment, and occasionally the physical description of each fugitive. While on the move, Texas lawmen carried the book with them as a quick and easy reference tool whenever they located a suspected criminal. Fugitives from Justice is a reprint of James B. Gillette\u27s personal copy of the 1878 publication. Gillette served with the Texas Rangers from 1875 to 1881; in 1921 he published Six Years with the Texas Rangers, which chronicled his service as a Texas lawman. The original copy was donated by Gillette\u27s grandson to the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum in Waco, Texas. State House Press published this reproduction to honor the 175th anniversary of the Texas Rangers and the 30th anniversary of the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum. Readers should take note that this is not a history of the Texas Rangers. There is no narrative or analysis; there are only a few pictures. The publication is simply a listalthough a valuable one-of several thousand suspected criminals. In an introduction, Michael D. Morrison, the mayor of Waco, briefly discusses the history of the Texas Rangers, Gillette\u27s life, and the physical appearance of the book itself. Unfortunately, the introduction is rather thin, failing to fully highlight the volume\u27s significance. Readers will need to look deeper to uncover its historical value. Fugitives from Justice, if properly used, will provide rewarding information on crime and violence in Texas during the 1870s. For example, a quantitative analysis of the data will shed light on crime types and rates, while a county-by-county breakdown of the list will allow for a geographic interpretation of criminal activity. Furthermore, the overwhelming number of fugitives within this book supports the thesis that the American West was a violent and lawless region. Although the average reader will find little of value here, research libraries and collectors of Texas Ranger paraphernalia will want to add this volume to their collections. And, oddly enough, it could also prove useful to genealogists with Texas roots in their family trees. With thousands of names and a handy index, this list of Texas\u27s most wanted may point the way to finding a nineteenth-century relative with a shady background

Protecting Natural Resources on Agricultural Lands: Producers\u27 Perspectives on the Conservation Stewardship Program in Montana

Industrial agricultural production contributes to some of the most significant environmental problems in the United States today. Scientists have identified agricultural production as a primary cause for the decline of native species, soil degradation, and water pollution in the U.S. In response to this crisis, grassroot organizations crafted, and got Congress to pass, the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), a federal program aimed to incentivize producers to increase on-farm conservation practices. CSP is designed to serve as a space for producers to gain access to financial and technical support, test out new practices, and provide a platform to discuss best practices when it comes to addressing natural resource concerns. This study explores how Montana farmers and ranchers perceive the strengths, weaknesses, and needs for improvements to the program. Farmers and ranchers from across the state were interviewed over the phone about their perspectives of the program. The interviews included questions about producers’ operations, their motivations for enrolling in CSP, and what they believe are some of the challenges and benefits of the program. Interviewees identified a diverse set of motivations for why they enrolled in the program, including access to financial support, the opportunity to increase their conservation practices, and a chance to learn new techniques. Producers observed many positives changes to their land and are overall satisfied with the program. However, interviewees also identified challenges with the program and recommended ways to improve it, including more practices suited for arid climates. By understanding producers’ experiences with the Conservation Stewardship Program, policy makers are better positioned to make informed decisions on the future direction of CSP

Local Broadcast Reporters Maintaining Social Responsibility and Mental Health While Serving a Community Under Lockdown

This study looks at local broadcast news reporters working in Northwest Arkansas before, at the start, and during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Research for this study includes a content study of the tweets and Twitter accounts of eleven local reporters. This study considers the social responsibility theory and examines how these eleven local reporters use the theory in their everyday work. Research found, though these reporters don’t credit the theory by name, they are still putting its guidelines into effect as a sort of moral compass when creating objective and representative news for their communities. The research also found that the COVID-19 pandemic added a sense of urgency for reporters to uphold the social responsibility theory by getting potentially life-altering news to the public in a timely manner. These reporters consider themselves as community servants, their service being educating and alerting their audience on what’s happening around them. By taking upon this role the reporters sometimes face criticism from their audience leading to the reporters needing to defend themselves and their intentions. This study explores the mental health of local reporters. These reporters don’t talk about personal mental health issues, but they often cite symptoms like fatigue and stress as being active factors in their professional and personal lives. As reporters this group is expected to be punctual and timely in all aspects of their career. They also heavily discuss safety as being an issue within the journalism world. These local reporters are often alone while they are in the field covering their stories, something that many find issue with. The local reporters support other reporters outside of the area by sharing or “retweeting” their stories and adding their opinions that advocate for the presence of another person on the scene no matter the time, place, or story being covered. When looking at self-care and self-appreciation among the reporters studied, the research found these reporters go about achieving this is many ways. Some reporters find their self-worth from within, while others turn outward to family or religion. Many of the reporters studied embrace self-appreciation by sharing life or career events with their Twitter audience. They often share work milestones which are typically met with celebration from other journalists within and outside their respective news station. Reporters exercising self-appreciation and self-care through their Twitter platform are also experiencing a sense of support from others by doing so in most cases. The global COVID-19 pandemic made up the majority of the news shared by local reporters during the studied time period. These reporters acknowledge the repetition of the stories they were producing daily. The pandemic changed the way reporters everywhere were able to do their jobs. Social distancing and the mask mandates limited face-to-face interviews and gave reporters less access to people or places than they had before. Many of these reporters used their Twitter platforms to educate the public on changes in the pandemic, while also promoting vaccination and social distancing. Some reporters shared their own vaccination experience with their followers

The development of a novel and potentially nondestructive pretreatment for the radiocarbon dating of archaeological artifacts

Because the traditional acid-alkali-acid method for pretreating archaeological artifacts prior to radiocarbon dating is destructive to most materials, the possibility of developing an alternative pretreatment is important to preserving culturally- and historically-significant artifacts. The alkali step usually involves a 1M or higher concentration NaOH wash to remove humic acid contamination. The purpose of this work is to replace the alkali step with an equally effective, yet less harsh treatment. Charcoal soaked in a humic acid standard was used to mimic a contaminated artifact. Residues from treatments with NaOH, phosphate buffer (pH 8), and deionized water were characterized using THM-GC-MS. Preliminary results show that both NaOH and phosphate buffer are at least equally effective. The phosphate treatment was also used on two archaeological artifacts that were prepared nondestructively by using the plasma chemical oxidation (PCO) pretreatment. The resulting radiocarbon dates from these were statistically indistinguishable from dates produced by the traditional treatment process coupled with standard destructive combustion. i