7,548 research outputs found
Reflecting on the Use of Photo-elicitation Methods in IPA Research. Enhancing the Interpretative Lens and Re-balancing Power Back to the Participant. A Review of Published Studies
The use of visual and creative methods, specifically photo-elicitation in qualitative research has seen an increase in popularity in applied social science research, particularly in studies of psychology. This paper considers the evolution of the photograph as a research tool, particularly when combined with one-to-one interviewing. This paper situates the use of the photograph within historical and disciplinary contexts whilst offering new perspectives on its application to psychological fields of study. We argue that there are interesting benefits associated with supplementing qualitative methods such as one-to-one interviews with photographic stimuli. We present a recent systematic review of photo-elicitation used in research which identifies as being informed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Interpretative phenomenological Analysis is a particular qualitative approach which aims produce an account of lived experience. It is often unconcerned by adhering to the application of pre-existing theoretical preconceptions and instead offers an inductive, iterative and highly idiographic account of a phenomena of which the participant has direct experience of. This may be phenomena linked to personal changes in health and illness, or even adapting to new learning environments. Central to the purpose of IPA is the recognition that this account of lived experience is an interpretative endeavor between both participant and analyst. We argue that this need for interpretation and co-construction offers space for creative methods to ‘bridge the gap’ between simply describing a phenomena and entering into the symbolic, metaphorical interpretative world of meaning making which pushes IPA research from mediocrity to excellence. In this review we aimed to capture information related to the use of photographic methods in IPA research with particular interest in exploring the body of published work across the following protocols; 1) sample for inclusion, 2) domain of study, 3) orientation of research questions, 4) design features, 5) variation of photo-method, 6) outcomes of research and 7) critical appraisal of study. There are 14 published articles utilising photographs in IPA from 2010-2018. These studies were conducted internationally and reach across different topic domains including health, developmental, education and occupational research. The reviewed studies extend across the age span and there was notable younger age participants involved. Using photographs offered particular advantages in comparison to interview alone. These include; (a) to empower marginalized, ‘hard to reach’ groups (b) to facilitate in-depth interpretative discussions of abstract, ‘metaphorical’ concepts, sensitive issues (c) to synthesise data with other methods to strengthen and d) enhance trustworthiness of findings. There was considerable variation in how photographs were ‘produced’ ranging from photos, ‘elicited’ by participants or as a secondary artefact produced by researcher as a stimulus for discussion. Visual methods using photographs vary, and include photo-narratives, photo-journals, photo-montage, photo-questionnaires. We situation our review within fast moving changes and opportunities for this method within a wider ‘open science’ framework and also pay particular attention to exploring ethical issues to ensure confidentiality, consent, privacy and wider 2018 General Data Protection Regulation adherence
Optimising coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: the role of primary angioplasty
PhDThrombolysis remains the predominant reperfusion strategy for ST segment
elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United Kingdom. Although
primary angioplasty may offer superior outcomes, the logistics of delivering this
therapy in the UK have not been investigated. This thesis describes the
development of a pilot primary angioplasty service in North East London.
Outcomes are compared with the thrombolytic strategy, and platelet activation is
explored as a possible biological mechanism determining reperfusion.
The impact of the thrombolytic strategy on revascularisation following STEMI in
North East London was first investigated. Thrombolytic delivery was effective,
but necessitated frequent early revascularisation, leading to prolonged hospital
stay. A primary angioplasty service was developed at the cardiac centre, and
expanded to serve six network hospitals. Within the limitations of a daytime pilot,
the service improved clinical outcomes, and was associated with a substantial
reduction in hospital stay.
Two admission strategies were compared - direct access to the cardiac centre
following pre-hospital diagnosis by ambulance crews, and transfer of patients
presenting to network emergency (A&E) departments after upstream
administration of abciximab and clopidogrel. Direct access significantly reduced
reperfusion times. Upstream anti-platelet therapy improved angiographic
reperfusion prior to primary angioplasty, possibly compensating for inter hospital
transfer delays.
A subgroup of STEMI patients underwent platelet activation studies. Lower
baseline platelet monocyte aggregate (PMA) levels predicted improved
angiographic reperfusion following primary angioplasty, supporting the concept
that PMAs may reflect plaque rupture severity, and may promote microvascular
2
dysfunction. Early anti-platelet therapy reduced PMAs following intervention,
which may explain the benefit of early abciximab observed in clinical trials.
In summary this thesis has demonstrated that primary angioplasty can be
del ivered safely and eff ectively in North East London. The eff icacy of reperf usion
may be determined by mechanisms involving platelet activation. Delivery of a 24
hour seven day service should now be addressed
Doctor of Philosophy
dissertationThe primate auditory system is responsible for analyzing complex patterns of pressure differences and then synthesizing this information into a behaviorally relevant representation of the external world. How the auditory cortex accomplishes this complex task is unknown. This thesis examines the neural mechanisms underlying auditory perception in the primate auditory cortex, focusing on the neural representation of communication sounds. This thesis is composed of three studies of auditory cortical processing in the macaque and human. The first examines coding in primary and tertiary auditory cortex as it relates to the possibility for developing a stimulating auditory neural prosthesis. The second study applies an information theoretic approach to understanding information transfer between primary and tertiary auditory cortex. The final study examines visual influences on human tertiary auditory cortical processing during illusory audiovisual speech perception. Together, these studies provide insight into the cortical physiology underlying sound perception and insight into the creation of a stimulating cortical neural prosthesis for the deaf
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Issue Brief: Immigration and Socioeconomic Status
This issue brief discusses the influence of socioeconomic status on immigrants to the U.S., including factors regarding the motivation for immigration, class stratification, discrepancies in integration, and patterns of socioeconomic segregation
The nuclear pattern and fiber connections of certain basal telencephalic centers in the macaque
No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49942/1/900820302_ftp.pd
Next Generation of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy: Targeted and Immuno-Therapies
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Current clinical trials are focused on developing the next generation of therapies that target novel anti-cancer mechanisms. One approach is to prime the immune system, as the cancer has been known to suppress immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. Using pharmacotherapy, the immune system can be unleashed and suppress the cancer’s growth. Another pathway is targeting known oncogenic genes that are important for the cancer’s growth and survival. In lung cancer, the epidermal growth factor receptor and several other mutated proteins are targets of small-molecule inhibitors that have been shown to drastically improve patient survival and quality of life. Discussed in this review are broad highlights of the different immunotherapies and small molecule targeted therapies that have been studied in the latest clinical trials for lung cancer
Functional group tolerant hydrogen borrowing C-alkylation
Hydrogen borrowing is an attractive and sustainable strategy for carbon–carbon bond formation that enables alcohols to be used as alkylating reagents in place of alkyl halides. However, despite intensive efforts, limited functional group tolerance is observed in this methodology, which we hypothesize is due to the high temperatures and harsh basic conditions often employed. Here we demonstrate that room temperature and functional group tolerant hydrogen borrowing can be achieved with a simple iridium catalyst in the presence of substoichiometric base without an excess of reagents. Achieving high yields necessitates the application of anaerobic conditions to counteract the oxygen sensitivity of the catalytic iridium hydride intermediate, which otherwise leads to catalyst degradation. Substrates containing heteroatoms capable of complexing the catalyst exhibit limited room temperature reactivity, but the application of moderately higher temperatures enables extension to a broad range of medicinally relevant nitrogen rich heterocycles. These newly developed conditions allow alcohols possessing functional groups that were previously incompatible with hydrogen borrowing reactions to be employed
An X-Ray Study of the Supernova Remnant G290.1-0.8
G290.1-0.8 (MSH 11-61A) is a supernova remnant (SNR) whose X-ray morphology
is centrally bright. However, unlike the class of X-ray composite SNRs whose
centers are dominated by nonthermal emission, presumably driven by a central
pulsar, we show that the X-ray emission from G290.1-0.8 is thermal in nature,
placing the remnant in an emerging class which includes such remnants as W44,
W28, 3C391, and others. The evolutionary sequence which leads to such X-ray
properties is not well understood. Here we investigate two scenarios for such
emission: evolution in a cloudy interstellar medium, and early-stage evolution
of a remnant into the radiative phase, including the effects of thermal
conduction. We construct models for these scenarios in an attempt to reproduce
the observed center-filled X-ray properties of G290.1-0.8, and we derive the
associated age, energy, and ambient density conditions implied by the models.
We find that for reasonable values of the explosion energy, the remnant age is
of order (1 - 2) x 10^{4} yr. This places a fairly strong constraint on any
association between G290.1-0.8 and PSR J1105-610, which would require an
anomalously large velocity for the pulsar.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, ApJ, accepte
Background Studies for the Neutral Current Detector Array in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
An array of 3He-filled proportional counters will be used in the Sudbury
Neutrino Observatory to measure the neutral-current interaction of neutrinos
and deuterium. We describe the backgrounds to this detection method.Comment: Accepted for publication in the proceedings of TAUP99. 2 page
The telencephalon of the bat. I. The non-cortical nuclear masses and certain pertinent fiber connections
No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49917/1/900650115_ftp.pd
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