Prevalence of major NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutations in individuals with transmitted drug resistance.

<p>Absolute and cumulative prevalence of each major nucleoside (NRTI) and nonnucleoside RT Inhibitor (NNRTI) drug-resistance mutation (DRM) in individuals with intermediate or high-level transmitted NRTI or NNRTI resistance from a meta-analysis of 287 studies published between 2000 and 2013 are shown. Low- and middle- income countries include Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, South / Southeast Asia, and Latin America and Caribbean. Upper-Income Countries: Countries of North America and Europe, and upper-income countries in Southeast Asia. Major NRTI DRMs include those with an HIVDB score ≥30. There were no insertions or deletions between codons 67 and 70. Major NNRTI DRMs include those with an HIVDB score ≥60. Absolute %: number of individuals with DRM / number of individuals with intermediate or high-level transmitted NRTI or NNRTI resistance. Cumulative %: number of individuals with one or more of the preceding major DRMs in the list / number of individuals with intermediate or high-level transmitted NRTI or NNRTI resistance.</p

Prevalence of major NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutations in individuals with acquired drug resistance.

<p>Absolute and cumulative prevalence of each major nucleoside (NRTI) and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI) drug-resistance mutation (DRM) in 4,926 individuals with virological failure and intermediate or high-level acquired NRTI or NNRTI resistance while receiving a first-line NRTI/NNRTI-containing regimen are shown. Regimens include four AZT/d4T-containing regimens—AZT/d4T+3TC+EFV/NVP (n = 4,020), four TDF-containing regimens—TDF+3TC/FTC+EFV/NVP (n = 772), and two ABC-containing regimens—ABC+3TC+NVP/EFV (n = 134). Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, South / Southeast Asia, and Latin America and Caribbean; Upper-Income Countries: Countries of North America and Europe, and upper-income countries in Southeast Asia. NRTI DRM with an HIVDB score ≥30. There were no insertions or deletions between codons 67 and 70. NNRTI DRMs with an HIVDB score ≥60. Absolute %: number of individuals with DRM / number of individuals with intermediate or high-level NRTI or NNRTI resistance. Cumulative %: number of individuals with one or more of the preceding DRMs in the list / number of individuals with intermediate or high-level NRTI or NNRTI resistance.</p

Sensitivity of Six Tier 1 RTI resistance mutations for detecting transmitted or acquired drug resistance.

<p>Cumulative prevalence or sensitivity of the Six Tier 1 RT inhibitor (RTI) drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) for detecting transmitted or acquired drug resistance in viruses from individuals with intermediate or high-level NRTI or NNRTI resistance is shown. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR) were defined as being associated with ≥ intermediate NRTI or NNRTI resistance. Major NRTI-associated DRMs (HIVDB score ≥30) included K65R, D67 deletion, T69 insertion, K70R, L74V/I, Y115F, Q151M, M184I/V, and T215F/Y. Major NNRTI-associated DRMs (HIVDB score ≥60) included: L100I, K101P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, Y188L/H/C, G190A/S/E/Q, and M230L. Abbreviations: LMICs (Low- and Middle-Income Countries), TDF (tenofovir).</p