Prominence in Indonesian Stress, Phrases, and Boundaries

Many (Western) languages have word-based stress, which entails that one, predictable syllable per word is more prominent than all the other syllables in that word. Some linguists claim that such stresses also occur in Indonesian. In this article, we set out to investigate that claim using experimental, phonetic methods. The results confirm our hypothesis that Indonesian lacks word-based stress. Yet, we do observe some kind of prominence pattern. In the last part of this article, we search for the phonological phenomenon that generates this pattern, exploring the level of the phrase to see whether phrasal accents or boundary markers are likely candidates

Does neoclassical theory account for the effects of big fiscal shocks? Evidence from World War II

There is much debate about the usefulness of the neoclassical growth model for assessing the macroeconomic impact of fiscal shocks. We test the theory using data from World War II, which is by far the largest fiscal shock in the history of the United States. We take observed changes in fiscal policy during the war as inputs into a parameterized, dynamic general equilibrium model and compare the values of all variables in the model to the actual values of these variables in the data. Our main finding is that the theory quantitatively accounts for macroeconomic activity during this big fiscal shock.Economic history ; Fiscal policy ; Macroeconomics - Econometric models

Does Neoclassical Theory Account for the Effects of Big Fiscal Shocks? Evidence From World War II

There is much debate about the usefulness of the neoclassical growth model for assessing the macro-economic impact of fiscal shocks. We test the theory using data from World War II, which is by far the largest fiscal shock in the history of the United States. We take observed changes in fiscal policy during the war as inputs into a parameterized, dynamic general equilibrium model and compare the values of all variables in the model to the actual values of these variables in the data. Our main finding is that the theory quantitatively accounts for macroeconomic activity during this big fiscal shock.

Why are married women working so much?

We study the large observed changes in labor supply by married women in the United States over 1950-1990, a period when labor supply by single women has hardly changed at all. We investigate the effects of changes in the gender wage gap, technological improvements in the production of nonmarket goods and potential inferiority of these goods on understanding this change. We find that small decreases in the gender wage gap can explain simultaneously the significant increases in the average hours worked by married women and the relative constancy in the hours worked by single women, and single and married men. We also find that technological improvements in the household have-for realistic values-too small an impact on married female hours and the relative wage of females to males. Some specifications of the inferiority of home goods match the hours patterns, but have counterfactual predictions for wages and expenditure patterns.Labor supply ; Women - Employment

Geodiversity audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood surface coal mines

This report describes a geodiversity audit of the Spireslack and Mainshill Wood surface coal mines (SCM) carried out by the British Geological Survey (BGS) on behalf of the Scottish Mines Restoration Trust (SMRT). For the present study, in order to place the geodiversity of the two SCMs in context, BGS records and published sources of the surrounding geology were reviewed, including digital geological maps and historic field slips, digital aerial photography, and published papers, memoirs and reports. Documentation for nearby sites already recognised as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and/or Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites was also reviewed. Field assessments of sections within Spireslack were conducted in August 2015. Due to flooding restrictions, access to Mainshill Wood was not possible. Therefore, data from previous field visits and photography by BGS geologists are used within this report to document sites of geodiversity value there. Geoscientific merit of individual sites within Spireslack was evaluated in terms of the rarity and quality of the key features displayed at the site, according to well-established procedures. Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs provide spectacular exposures of Carboniferous strata not otherwise seen naturally on anything approaching the same scale or completeness across the whole of Scotland, or further afield in the UK. As such, they are of national significance. A total of 18 sections were identified as candidates for recognition and protection as local geodiversity sections within Spireslack, whilst the whole of the remaining void within the south-western corner of Mainshill Wood is presented as a geodiversity site worthy of protection. The sections selected include the best examples of geological features within each surface mine and are considered to be representative of the diverse range of geological strata and structures that characterise the geology of these sites and the wider surrounding area. It is recommended that these sections within Spireslack and Mainshill Wood should be protected and preserved during any subsequent development of the surface mine workings. Many of the identified sections of local geodiversity value have the potential to be enhanced through interpretation on site to inform visitors and students at all levels about geology, and the links they have with the local economic and cultural heritage within East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire, and the Central Belt of Scotland as a whole. These sites also offer opportunities to the research community, to generate a wide spectrum of internationally significant teaching and strategic research activity. Whilst Spireslack and Mainshill can be considered as ‘flagship’ sites in terms of their spectacular exposures of complete stratigraphic sequences and unique structural geology preserved within them, they also form part of a subset of inactive and active surface mine sites across East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire. Collectively, and in the longer term, this network could form the basis for a potential Geopark across the south-western Central Belt of Scotland

Advances in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies for Solid Tumors.

In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first two novel cellular immunotherapies using synthetic, engineered receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta), expressed by patient-derived T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies expressing the B-cell surface antigen CD19 in both pediatric and adult patients. This approval marked a major milestone in the use of antigen-directed living drugs for the treatment of relapsed or refractory blood cancers, and with these two approvals, there is increased impetus to expand not only the target antigens but also the tumor types that can be targeted. This state-of-the-art review will focus on the challenges, advances, and novel approaches being used to implement CAR T-cell immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors

Magnetoelliptic Instabilities

We consider the stability of a configuration consisting of a vertical magnetic field in a planar flow on elliptical streamlines in ideal hydromagnetics. In the absence of a magnetic field the elliptical flow is universally unstable (the ``elliptical instability''). We find this universal instability persists in the presence of magnetic fields of arbitrary strength, although the growthrate decreases somewhat. We also find further instabilities due to the presence of the magnetic field. One of these, a destabilization of Alfven waves, requires the magnetic parameter to exceed a certain critical value. A second, involving a mixing of hydrodynamic and magnetic modes, occurs for all magnetic-field strengths. These instabilities may be important in tidally distorted or otherwise elliptical disks. A disk of finite thickness is stable if the magnetic fieldstrength exceeds a critical value, similar to the fieldstrength which suppresses the magnetorotational instability.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

Perbanyakan Pisang Raja Bulu secara In Vitro dengan Menggunakan Pupuk Daun

The aim of the research was to observe the banana explants response to artificial foliar fertilizer in order of substitute the inorganic salts of MS medium. Super Growth foliar fertilizer was applied as alternative source of inorganic salts.The experiment was done at Biotechnology laboratory UPN Yogyakarta. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized design, and the medium tested were complete MS medium and 0.25 ml/l, 0.5 ml/l, 0.75 ml/l, 1 ml/l Super Growth. The foliar fertilizer was applied into the MS medium minus inorganic salts. Explants were planted and incubated during multiplication phase for 4 weeks, and then transplanted to the new root growing medium for another 4 weeks. The results showed that with the addition of fertilizer leaves the Super Growth at a concentration of 1 ml/l can significantly increase the number of shoots and dry weight at this stage of multiplication and increase the number of leaves, number of roots and the number of shoots in the rooting stage

Framing Disaster: News Media Coverage of Environmental Justice

This research assesses news media coverage of two environmental justice cases involving Native American groups in Washington State. Through inductive framing analysis, this work evaluates the way in which commercial news media covered centuries-old environmental inequality faced by the Quileute Tribe and the Lower Elwha Klallam people. Both of these groups were thrust into fame for different reasons: The Quileute were identified in the Twilight film franchise, while the Lower Elwha Klallam people were associated with the largest dam removal project in the world. This research reveals that, while some progress has been made in the quality of news coverage of Indigenous environmental justice issues, absence of coverage remains an issue that continuously needs to be challenged

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan dan Piutang dengan Metode Object Oriented Analysis And Design dan Unified Modelling Language pada Perusahaan Distributor

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis, mengidentifikasi kebutuhan informasi, memperbaiki dan merancang sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan dan piutang pada Perusahaan dirstributor dan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pihak manajemen untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan serta mengatasi masalah yang terdapat dalam sistem yang berjalan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan, metode analisis dengan survei dan wawancara, dan metode perancangan dengan Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) dan Unified Modelling Language (UML). Hasil yang dicapai berupa perbaikan sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan dan piutang yang berjalan dalam bentuk perancangan aplikasi yang menginformasikan penomoran dokumen, pengarsipan dokumen, dan laporan yang dihasilkan. Simpulan yang diperoleh adalah dengan adanya sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan dan piutang ini dapat menghasilkan laporan yang dibutuhkan Perusahaan secara cepat, lengkap dan akurat yang dapat digunakan pihak manajemen dalam proses pengambilan keputusan