Pitfalls and artifacts using the D-SPECT dedicated cardiac camera

Myocardial perfusion imaging is a well-established and widely used imaging technique for the assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Pitfalls and artifacts associated with conventional gamma cameras are well known, and the ways to avoid and correct them have been described. In recent years solid-state detector dedicated cardiac cameras were introduced and have been shown to offer improved accuracy in addition to new imaging protocols and novel applications. The purpose of this manuscript is to familiarize the readers with the causes and effects of technical, patient-related, and operator-related pitfalls and artifacts associated with the D-SPECT dedicated cardiac camera with solid-state detectors. The manuscript offers guidance on how to avoid these factors, how to detect them, and how to correct better for them, providing high-quality diagnostic images

Pitfalls and artifacts using the D-SPECT dedicated cardiac camera

Myocardial perfusion imaging is a well-established and widely used imaging technique for the assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Pitfalls and artifacts associated with conventional gamma cameras are well known, and the ways to avoid and correct them have been described. In recent years solid-state detector dedicated cardiac cameras were introduced and have been shown to offer improved accuracy in addition to new imaging protocols and novel applications. The purpose of this manuscript is to familiarize the readers with the causes and effects of technical, patient-related, and operator-related pitfalls and artifacts associated with the D-SPECT dedicated cardiac camera with solid-state detectors. The manuscript offers guidance on how to avoid these factors, how to detect them, and how to correct better for them, providing high-quality diagnostic images

Value of Semiquantitative Analysis for Clinical Reporting of 123I-2-β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-Fluoropropyl)Nortropane SPECT Studies

Clinical (123)I-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) SPECT studies are commonly performed and reported using visual evaluation of tracer binding, an inherently subjective method. Increased objectivity can potentially be obtained using semiquantitative analysis. In this study, we assessed whether semiquantitative analysis of (123)I-FP-CIT tracer binding created more reproducible clinical reporting. A secondary aim was to determine in what form semiquantitative data should be provided to the reporter. METHODS: Fifty-four patients referred for the assessment of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration were scanned using SPECT/CT, followed by semiquantitative analysis calculating striatal binding ratios (SBRs) and caudate-to-putamen ratios (CPRs). Normal reference values were obtained using 131 healthy controls enrolled on a multicenter initiative backed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. A purely quantitative evaluation was first performed, with each striatum scored as normal or abnormal according to reference values. Three experienced nuclear medicine physicians then scored each striatum as normal or abnormal, also indicating cases perceived as difficult, using visual evaluation, visual evaluation in combination with SBR data, and visual evaluation in combination with SBR and CPR data. Intra- and interobserver agreement and agreement between observers and the purely quantitative evaluation were assessed using κ-statistics. The agreement between scan interpretation and clinical diagnosis was assessed for patients with a postscan clinical diagnosis available (n = 35). RESULTS: The physicians showed consistent reporting, with a good intraobserver agreement obtained for the visual interpretation (mean κ ± SD, 0.95 ± 0.029). Although visual interpretation of tracer binding gave good interobserver agreement (0.80 ± 0.045), this was improved as SBRs (0.86 ± 0.070) and CPRs (0.95 ± 0.040) were provided. The number of striata perceived as difficult to interpret decreased as semiquantitative data were provided (30 for the visual interpretation; 0 as SBR and CPR values were given). The agreement between physicians' interpretations and the purely quantitative evaluation showed that readers used the semiquantitative data to different extents, with a more experienced reader relying less on the semiquantitative data. Good agreement between scan interpretation and clinical diagnosis was seen. CONCLUSION: A combined approach of visual assessment and semiquantitative analysis of tracer binding created more reproducible clinical reporting of (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT studies. Physicians should have access to both SBR and CPR data to minimize interobserver variability.status: publishe

Value of semiquantitative analysis for clinical reporting of 123I-2-\u3b2-carbomethoxy-3\u3b2-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane SPECT studies

Clinical (123)I-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) SPECT studies are commonly performed and reported using visual evaluation of tracer binding, an inherently subjective method. Increased objectivity can potentially be obtained using semiquantitative analysis. In this study, we assessed whether semiquantitative analysis of (123)I-FP-CIT tracer binding created more reproducible clinical reporting. A secondary aim was to determine in what form semiquantitative data should be provided to the reporter. Fifty-four patients referred for the assessment of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration were scanned using SPECT/CT, followed by semiquantitative analysis calculating striatal binding ratios (SBRs) and caudate-to-putamen ratios (CPRs). Normal reference values were obtained using 131 healthy controls enrolled on a multicenter initiative backed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. A purely quantitative evaluation was first performed, with each striatum scored as normal or abnormal according to reference values. Three experienced nuclear medicine physicians then scored each striatum as normal or abnormal, also indicating cases perceived as difficult, using visual evaluation, visual evaluation in combination with SBR data, and visual evaluation in combination with SBR and CPR data. Intra- and interobserver agreement and agreement between observers and the purely quantitative evaluation were assessed using κ-statistics. The agreement between scan interpretation and clinical diagnosis was assessed for patients with a postscan clinical diagnosis available (n = 35). The physicians showed consistent reporting, with a good intraobserver agreement obtained for the visual interpretation (mean κ ± SD, 0.95 ± 0.029). Although visual interpretation of tracer binding gave good interobserver agreement (0.80 ± 0.045), this was improved as SBRs (0.86 ± 0.070) and CPRs (0.95 ± 0.040) were provided. The number of striata perceived as difficult to interpret decreased as semiquantitative data were provided (30 for the visual interpretation; 0 as SBR and CPR values were given). The agreement between physicians' interpretations and the purely quantitative evaluation showed that readers used the semiquantitative data to different extents, with a more experienced reader relying less on the semiquantitative data. Good agreement between scan interpretation and clinical diagnosis was seen. A combined approach of visual assessment and semiquantitative analysis of tracer binding created more reproducible clinical reporting of (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT studies. Physicians should have access to both SBR and CPR data to minimize interobserver variabilit