Phylogenetic tree obtained from 92 full length sequences.

<p>The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with a bootstrap test (500 replicates); bootstrap values are shown next to the branches. Sequences from 60 acute cases (black dots) and 24 chronic cases (open dot) and 8 reference sequences (grey triangles) were analyzed.</p

General flow chart of the study.

<p>Samples corresponding to notified AHB were classified according to both the values of HBc IgM and avidity index. Each biologically classified coherent case was thoroughly assessed for discrepancies with epidemiological and clinical information. When relevant information was not available physicians were interviewed on an individual basis.</p

General organization of the French AHB registry.

<p>General organization of the French AHB registry.</p

Distribution of HBV-VL (log₁₀ IU/mL) according to disease course.

<p>Black bars represent acute cases and gray bars anti-HBc IgM positive chronic cases and open bars anti-HBc IgM negative chronic cases.</p

HIV and HCV serologic status of sexual male partners and sexual practices with regular and casual partners in the six months before acute HCV infection diagnosis in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (self-administered questionnaires, HEPAIG study, 2006–2007).

<p>Note. Data are no (%) of patients; BDSM, bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism.</p

Drugs consumptions in the six months before acute HCV infection diagnosis in the 53 HIV-infected MSM with self-administered questionnaire, HEPAIG study, 2006–2007.

<p>Note. Data are no. (%) of patients. MDA, 3–4 methylene dioxy-amphetamine; GHB, gamma hydroxy butyric acid; ^aincluding anxiolytic, hypnotic or antidepressant; ^bseveral possible answers; ^cuse at least 10 times during the six-month period</p

Main characteristics of the 80 HIV-infected MSM at acute HCV infection diagnosis reported by physicians, medical questionnaire, HEPAIG study, 2006–2007.

<p>Note. Data are no. (%) of patients or median values (inter-quartile range); MSM, men who have sex with men; HAART, highly active antiretroviral treatment; STI, sexually transmitted infection; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ULN, upper limit of normal; ^a<50 copies/mL; ^bseveral possible answers; ^canti-HCV (+) within one year after anti-HCV (-) or HCV RNA (+) within one year after both documented anti-HCV (-) and HCV RNA (-); ^dHCV RNA (+) either: i) within one year after two documented HCV RNA (-), or, ii) with symptoms of acute hepatitis and ALT level >10xULN within one year after regular controls of normal ALT (other causes excluded); ^epossible acute HCV infection following primary infection with confirmed viral clearance.</p

Additional file 1 of Incidence and risk factors of neonatal bacterial infections: a community-based cohort from Madagascar (2018–2021)

Supplementary Material

Flow-chart of the study participants.

<p>Flow-chart of the study participants.</p

Study areas.

<p>Study areas.</p