Parasitoides pupais para o controle biológico da Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), popularly known as the sugarcane borer, is the greatest pest of sugarcane crops, and is responsible for considerable economic damages. This pest is difficult to manage, because it lives inside the culm when immature, creates galleries that weaken the plants, reduces the biomass and the quality of sugarcane juice, and lowers agricultural productivity. The excessive use of chemical insecticides leads to resistance in these pests and damages the environment, fauna, and flora, and these products are expensive. Thus, an indispensable component of pest management is biological control. All animal and plant species have natural enemies (parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogens) that affect different stages of development. Parasitoids represent an important tool in the biological control of lepidopteran pests. Knowledge of pupal parasitoid activity is important for the development of biological control strategies for this pest, which causes significant losses. Therefore, this paper uses published data to highlight the importance and effectiveness of parasitoids against sugarcane borer pupae

Pupal parasitoids for the biological control of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), popularly known as the sugarcane borer, is the greatest pest of sugarcane crops, and is responsible for considerable economic damages. This pest is difficult to manage, because it lives inside the culm when immature, creates galleries that weaken the plants, reduces the biomass and the quality of sugarcane juice, and lowers agricultural productivity. The excessive use of chemical insecticides leads to resistance in these pests and damages the environment, fauna, and flora, and these products are expensive. Thus, an indispensable component of pest management is biological control. All animal and plant species have natural enemies (parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogens) that affect different stages of development. Parasitoids represent an important tool in the biological control of lepidopteran pests. Knowledge of pupal parasitoid activity is important for the development of biological control strategies for this pest, which causes significant losses. Therefore, this paper uses published data to highlight the importance and effectiveness of parasitoids against sugarcane borer pupae.Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), popularmente conhecida como broca da cana-de-açúcar, é a maior praga da cultura de cana de açúcar e é responsável por consideráveis danos econômicos. O manejo dessa praga é complexo devido ao alojamento no interior do colmo; quando imatura, cria galerias que enfraquecem as plantas, reduz a biomassa e a qualidade do suco da cana, e perdas na produtividade agrícola. O uso excessivo de inseticidas químicos propicia resistência dessas pragas, danos ao meio ambiente, à fauna e à flora e alto custo. Dessa forma, um componente imprescindível do manejo de pragas é o controle biológico. Todas as espécies animais e vegetais apresentam inimigos naturais (parasitoides, predadores, entomopatógenos) que atacam diversos estágios de desenvolvimento. Parasitoides representam uma importante ferramenta no controle biológico de pragas lepidópteras. O conhecimento da atividade do parasitoide pupal é importante para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle biológico para essa praga, a qual ocasiona perdas significativas. Portanto, este artigo usa dados publicados para destacar a importância e a eficácia dos parasitoides contra a pupa da broca da cana-de-açúcar

Doxorubicin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells

Cancer is one of the most common diseases nowadays and derives from the uncontrollable growth of a single cell. Magnetic nanoparticles (NpMag) offer various possibilities for use in the biomedical area, including drug delivery mediated by magnetic fields. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with the antitumor drug doxorubicin (Dox) on human breast cancer cells. Our results revealed that magnetic nanoparticles with Dox (NpMag+Dox) induce cellular redox imbalance in MCF-7 cells. We also demonstrate that iron-oxide nanoparticles functionalized with Dox induce oxidative stress evidenced by DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, cell membrane disruption, and loss of mitochondria potential. As a result, NpMag+Dox drives MCF-7 cells to stop the cell cycle and decrease cell migration. The association of NpMg+Dox induced a better delivery of Dox to MCF cells, mainly in the presence of a magnetic field, increasing the death of MCF cells which might reduce the toxicity for healthy cells providing a better efficacy for the treatment. Thus, iron-oxide nanoparticles and doxorubicin conjugated may be candidate for anticancer therapy

Doxorubicin-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles: Enhancement of Doxorubicin’s Effect on Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7)

The incidence of female breast cancer has increased; it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, at 11.7% of the total, and has the fourth highest cancer-related mortality. Magnetic nanoparticles have been used as carriers to improve selectivity and to decrease the side effects on healthy tissues in cancer treatment. Iron oxide (mainly magnetite, Fe3O4), which presents a low toxicity profile and superparamagnetic behavior, has attractive characteristics for this type of application in biological systems. In this article, synthesis and characterization of magnetite (NP-Fe3O4) and silica-coated magnetite (NP-Fe3O4/SiO2) nanoparticles, as well as their biocompatibility via cellular toxicity tests in terms of cell viability, are carefully investigated. MCF-7 cells, which are commonly applied as a model in cancer research, are used in order to define prognosis and treatment specifics at a molecular level. In addition, HaCaT cells (immortalized human keratinocytes) are tested, as they are normal, healthy cells that have been used extensively to study biocompatibility. The results provide insight into the applicability of these magnetic nanoparticles as a drug carrier system. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and HaCat cells was evaluated, and both nanoparticles, NP-Fe3O4/SiO2 and NP-Fe3O4, show high cell viability (non-cytotoxicity). After loading the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (Dox) on NP-Fe3O4/Dox and NP-Fe3O4/SiO2/Dox, the cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells increases in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner at concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/mL. HaCat cells also show a decrease in cell viability; however, cytotoxicity was less than that found in the cancer cell line. This study shows the biocompatibility of NP-Fe3O4/SiO2 and NP-Fe3O4, highlighting the importance of silica coating on magnetic nanoparticles and reinforcing the possibility of their use as a drug carrier system against breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7)