The Empowerment of Small Enterprises in Construction Sector for Government Procurement of Goods and Services: Mandatory Study of Role and Risk

This study aims to investigate the empowerment of small enterprises in construction sector and the risks since the issuance of Perpres No.16 Year 2018 and PermenPUPR No 7 Year 2019. The accuracy of the procurement and the development of small-medium enterprise role have been parts of the objectives of government procurement. Then, the policy states that government should give opportunities to small enterprises. Qualitative study was conducted using the approach of applied law research. Literature study and observation on the stake holders were done. The results showed that small enterprises in construction sector played more roles with the procurement package up to Rp 10,000,000,000.00 (ten billion rupiah). However, the implementation in 2018 showed that the role of small enterprises declined compared to the previous year, the participation of small enterprises in construction sector was still low compared to non-small enterprises. Besides that, the small enterprises that received the procurement package were prone to criteria violation of small enterprises as in UU No. 20 Year 2008 about micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). The identified risk was that the small enterprises received the package for small enterprises in construction sector. This risk should be maintained and handled by procurement agents through effective qualification verification, by government instances that issue the construction permit by developing the potency of the small enterprises to level up, and government instances through association of construction enterprises by cooperating in building good governance in the management of construction procurement.Keywords: small enterprises, empowerment, risks, good governanc

Transparent TiO 2-PMMA nanohybrids of high nanocrystallinity and enhanced nonlinear optical properties

10.1142/S0218863505002712Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Materials142281-29

Titania-PMMA nanohybrids of enhanced nanocrystallinity

10.1007/s10832-006-9893-1Journal of Electroceramics164431-439JOEL

Insights into Alternanthera mosaic virus TGB3 functions: interactions with Nicotiana benthamiana PsbO correlate with chloroplast vesiculation and veinal necrosis caused by TGB3 overexpression

Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) triple gene block 3 (TGB3) protein is involved in viral movement. AltMV TGB3 subcellular localization was previously shown to be distinct from that of Potato virus X (PVX) TGB3, and a chloroplast binding domain identified; veinal necrosis and chloroplast vesiculation were observed in Nicotiana benthamiana when AltMV TGB3 was over-expressed from PVX. Plants with over-expressed TGB3 showed more lethal damage under dark conditions than under light. Yeast-two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) reveal that A. thaliana PsbO1 has strong interactions with TGB3; N. benthamiana PsbO (NbPsbO) also showed obvious interaction signals with TGB3 through BiFC. These results demonstrate an important role for TGB3 in virus cell-to-cell movement and virus-host plant interactions. The Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein PsbO interaction with TGB3 is presumed to have a crucial role in symptom development and lethal damage under dark conditions. In order to further examine interactions between AtPsbO1, NbPsbO and TGB3, and to identify the binding domain(s) in TGB3 protein, BiFC assays were performed between AtPsbO1 or NbPsbO and various mutants of TGB3. Interactions with C-terminally deleted TGB3 were significantly weaker than those with wild-type TGB3, and both N-terminally deleted TGB3 and a TGB3 mutant previously shown to lose chloroplast interactions failed to interact detectably with PsbO in BiFC. To gain additional information about TGB3 interactions in AltMV-susceptible plants, we cloned 12 natural AltMV TGB3 sequence variants into a PVX expression vector to examine differences in symptom development in N. benthamiana. Symptom differences were observed on PVX over-expression, with all AltMV TGB3 variants showing more severe symptoms than the WT PVX control, but without obvious correlation to sequence differences

Femtosecond third-order optical nonlinearity of polycrystalline BiFeO 3

10.1364/OE.17.010970Optics Express171310970-1097

A Single-Center, Observational Study of 607 Children and Young People Presenting With Differences of Sex Development (DSD).

CONTEXT: Differences of sex development (DSD) represent a wide range of conditions presenting at different ages to various health professionals. Establishing a diagnosis, supporting the family, and developing a management plan are important. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to better understand the presentation and prevalence of pediatric DSD. METHODS: A retrospective, observational cohort study was undertaken in a single tertiary pediatric center of all children and young people (CYP) referred to a DSD multidisciplinary team over 25 years (1995-2019). In total, 607 CYP (520 regional referrals) were included. Data were analyzed for diagnosis, sex-assignment, age and mode of presentation, additional phenotypic features, mortality, and approximate point prevalence. RESULTS: Among the 3 major DSD categories, sex chromosome DSD was diagnosed in 11.2% (68/607) (most commonly 45,X/46,XY mosaicism), 46,XY DSD in 61.1% (371/607) (multiple diagnoses often with associated features), while 46,XX DSD occurred in 27.7% (168/607) (often 21-hydroxylase deficiency). Most children (80.1%) presented as neonates, usually with atypical genitalia, adrenal insufficiency, undescended testes or hernias. Those presenting later had diverse features. Rarely, the diagnosis was made antenatally (3.8%, n = 23) or following incidental karyotyping/family history (n = 14). Mortality was surprisingly high in 46,XY children, usually due to complex associated features (46,XY girls, 8.3%; 46,XY boys, 2.7%). The approximate point prevalence of neonatal referrals for investigation of DSD was 1 in 6347 births, and 1 in 5101 overall throughout childhood. CONCLUSION: DSD represent a diverse range of conditions that can present at different ages. Pathways for expert diagnosis and management are important to optimize care