Prospects of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi for biological control of ricania simulans (walker 1851) (hemiptera: ricaniidae)

Ricania simulans causes harm in almost all plants that grow along the Eastern Black Sea coast. The chemicals used to control this pest are prohibited in this region due to tea cultivation. For this reason, new strategies are needed to control this pest. With the awareness on the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against pests and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to find new methods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Totally 10 bacterial strains including 2 strains of Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1, FD-1), 1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (FDP-1), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii (FDP-41, BAB-410), 1 strain of Bacillus subtilis (EK-7), 1 strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NEM-28) and 1 strain of Bacillus sphaericus GC sub-group D (FD-49) and additionally 1 Beauveria bassiana (ET 10) fungus isolate were examined for their insecticidal activities in this study. The studied bio agents were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults. B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, B. brevis and B. sphaericus GC subgroup D were the most effective on nymphs, whereas B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii, P. chlororaphi, and B. brevis were the most effective on adults. Under controlled conditions, mortality rate varied between 19.58%-42.08% in nymph applications, and between 6%-18% in adult applications

Eco-friendly control method against invasive pest box tree moth, (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae))

Background: Buxus sempervirens (Boxwood) is a type of plant that has economic and cultural significance, danger of extinction due to various factors. Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an invasive species, has an important role as a boxwood pest. The inadequacy of the pheromone trap methods recommended to control the pest or the negative effects of chemical insecticides on the environment have led to seeking alternative approaches in this regard. In this study, it was conducted to determine whether entomopathogens can be applied in pest control, the insecticidal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8), Bacillus cereus (FD-63), Brevibacillus brevis (FD-1) and Vibrio hollisae (FD-70) bacterial strains at the concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/ml and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae) (ET 10) fungal isolate at the concentrations of 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml were tested under controlled conditions. Results: As compared the results of the bacterial strains and fungal tested, it was determined that the best results were obtained from in the fungal isolate at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/ml. After 192 and 216 h. of observation, the 1 × 108 CFU/ml of bacterial strains: B. cereus FD-63, B. brevis FD-1 and V. hollisae FD-70; also, 1 × 108 conidia/ml concentration of ET 10 fungal isolate of B. bassiana control C. perspectalis caused mortality rate of 100% under laboratory conditions. Conclusion: Future studies of these microorganisms against this pest in the field, may be an important alternative method to control this pest

Kemik ve Lenf Nodu Tutulumu ile Birlikte Yaygın Metastazı Olan Gastrointestinal Stromal Tümör

Gastrointestinal stromal tümörler (GİST), gastrointestinal traktusun en sık görülen mezenkimal tümörleridir. GİST’lerin; mide (%60), ince barsak (%30), kolon ve rektum (%5-10), daha azı (%1) ise özofagus, omentum, mezenter veya retroperitonal bölgelerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Tanı konulduğunda vakaların yaklaşık yarısı metastaz yapmış durumdadır ve en sık karaciğer (%50-60) ve peritona (%20-43) metastaz yaparlar. GİST’lerde kemik ve lenf nodu metastazı ise literatürde oldukça az sayıda bildirilmiştir. Sunulan olguda midede 22 cm çaplı GİST saptanmış ve cerrahi ile tamamen eksize edilmiştir. Operasyon sonrası değerlendirmede metastazı olmayan olguya, kütle boyutunun büyük oluşu (>10 cm) ve artmış mitoz sayısı (>5/10 hpf) nedeni ile yüksek riskli kabul edilerek imatinib tedavisi verilmiştir. İmatinib tedavisinin altıncı yılında karın ağrısı ve şişkinlik şikâyetleri ile başvuran hastada karaciğer, periton, kemik ve lenf nodlarında yaygın metastaz saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, tamamen çıkarılmış ve imatinib tedavisinin altıncı yılında atipik metastazlarla başvuran GİST’li olgu literatür eşliğinde gözden geçirilmişti

Erzurum Sulu Koşullarında Bazı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çeşitlerinin Tarımsal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de üretimi çok az olan ve özellikle Erzurum’da üretimi yapılmayan, fakat tahıllarla münavebeye girebilecek olan aspir bitkisinin Erzurum ekolojik şartlarında agronomik performanslarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2001, 2002 ve 2003 yıllarında Erzurum-Pasinler ekolojik şartlarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, 3 aspir çeşidinin verim (kg/da), bitki boyu (cm), ilk dal yüksekliği (cm), dal sayısı (adet), tabla sayısı (adet), tabla çapı (cm), 1000 tane ağırlığı (g), yağ oranı (%) ve kabuk oranı (%) gibi değerleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma “Tesadüf Blokları Deneme” desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak planlanmıştır. Üç yıllık ortalamalara göre en yüksek verim 89.15 kg/da ile Dinçer çeşidinden, bitki boyu, ilk dal yüksekliği, tabla çapı ve kabuk oranı sırasıyla 100.47 cm, 46.87 cm, 2.22 cm ve %76.66 ile Yenice çeşidinden, dal sayısı, tabla sayısı, 1000 tane ağırlığı ve yağ oranı sırasıyla 10.09 adet/bitki, 40.66 adet, 44.38 g ve %21.36 ile Remzibey-05 çeşidinden elde edilmişti

Community Acquired Lower Urinary Tract Infections in Primary Care: Causative Agents and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the causative agents of community-acquired lower urinary tract infections (CALUTIs) in primary care. We also aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility rates of urinary Escherichia coli isolates to various oral antibiotics and to assist primary care physicians with antibiotic selection. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 55 primary care centers in 13 cities between May and July 2009. Adult patients with at least two of dysuria, pollakiuria, nocturia, suprapubic tenderness, or blurred urine symptoms, but not fever, were included in the study. Urinary samples were obtained and patient data were recorded at the primary care centers. Results: Totally, 400 patients were enrolled. In 175 (43.8%) patients, urine cultures yielded a urinary pathogen. The most frequently encountered pathogen was E. coli (62.8%). Among E. coli isolates, the lowest resistance rates were detected for nitrofurantoin (0.9%) and fosfomycin (3.6%) and the highest for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (43.6%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (41%). Resistance rates to quinolones were 23.6% for ciprofloxacin and 21% for levofloxacin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 values for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 0.015 and 32 μg/mL and 0.06 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. Quinolone resistance was significantly higher in patients who received an antimicrobial treatment within the last three months (p< 0.001). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity was detected in 15 of 110 (13.6%) E. coli isolates. Quinolone resistance was significantly higher among ESBL positive than ESBL negative strains (53.3% vs. 15.8%, p= 0.002). Conclusion: In conclusion, the most frequent causative agent in CALUTIs was E. coli. The lowest resistance rates among E. coli isolates were detected for nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. Resistance rates to quinolones were over 20% in our study. Our identifikasyostudy provides important data about the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibilities and also contains valuable data for rational antibiotic usage in the treatment of CALUTI in Turkey