Prática informacional no contexto do HIV: Análise espacial do conhecimento acerca de estratégicas de prevenção

It highlights the interdisciplinary perspective between Information Science and Health Sciences. It discusses the relevance of knowledge about the ways of HIV / AIDS transmission and prevention strategies in the Brazilian response to this epidemic. It aims to measure the level of knowledge about the virus transmission routes and Combined Prevention strategies, by spatial distribution in the Federal District - DF. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, applied research, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, whose method uses the survey. The results indicate a higher proportion of moderate and high knowledge about the forms of transmission. There is little knowledge about biomedical interventions based on the use of antiretrovirals on pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. After assessing the sociodemographic characteristics and the categories of knowledge, it is found that the age group, education level and internet access have a statistically significant association. The spatial distribution among participants with a moderate level of knowledge is homogeneous, while for those with high and low knowledge, the distribution in the territory is heterogeneous. It is concluded that there are gaps in knowledge about the forms of transmission and strategies for Combined Prevention. Adequate level of knowledge is a structuring component for coping with HIV / AIDS.Evidencia la perspectiva interdisciplinaria entre las Ciencias de la Información y las Ciencias de la Salud. Discute la relevancia del conocimiento sobre las formas de transmisión del VIH / SIDA y las estrategias de prevención en la respuesta brasileña a esta epidemia. Su objetivo es medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre las rutas de transmisión del virus y las estrategias de prevención combinada, por distribución espacial en el Distrito Federal - DF. Es una investigación transversal, descriptiva, aplicada, con un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, cuyo método utiliza la encuesta. Los resultados indican una mayor proporción de conocimiento moderado y alto sobre las formas de transmisión. Hay poco conocimiento sobre las intervenciones biomédicas basadas en el uso de antirretrovirales en la profilaxis previa y posterior a la exposición. Después de evaluar las características sociodemográficas y las categorías de conocimiento, se descubre que el grupo de edad, el nivel educativo y el acceso a Internet tienen una asociación estadísticamente significativa. La distribución espacial entre los participantes con un nivel moderado de conocimiento es homogénea, mientras que para aquellos con alto y bajo conocimiento, la distribución en el territorio es heterogénea. Se concluye que existen lagunas en el conocimiento sobre las formas de transmisión y las estrategias para la Prevención combinada. El nivel adecuado de conocimiento es un componente estructurante para hacer frente al VIH / SIDA.Evidencia a perspectiva interdisciplinar entre a Ciência da Informação e as Ciências da Saúde. Discute a relevância do conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão do HIV/aids e as estratégias de prevenção na resposta brasileira a essa epidemia. Objetiva mensurar o nível de conhecimento a respeito das vias de transmissão do vírus e das estratégias da Prevenção Combinada, por distribuição espacial no Distrito Federal ”“ DF. Trata-se de pesquisa de corte transversal, descritiva, aplicada, de abordagem quantitativa-qualitativa, cujo método utiliza o survey. Os resultados indicam maior proporção de conhecimento moderado e alto acerca das formas de transmissão. Observa-se haver conhecimento baixo a respeito das intervenções biomédicas baseadas no uso de antirretrovirais sobre as Profilaxias Pré e Pós-Exposição. Avaliadas as características sociodemográficas e as categorias de conhecimento, tem-se que a faixa etária, o grau de escolaridade e o acesso à internet possuem associação estatisticamente significativa. A distribuição espacial entre os participantes com nível de conhecimento moderado é homogênea, enquanto para aqueles com conhecimento alto e baixo a distribuição no território se dá de maneira heterogênea. Conclui-se que há lacunas no conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão e estratégias de Prevenção Combinada. Adequado nível de conhecimento é componente estruturante para o enfrentamento do HIV/aids

Las Provincias : diario de Valencia: Año 64 Número 19506 - 1929 Abril 10

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a hyperglycemic state detected during pregnancy, is an established risk factor for diabetes. However, treatment during pregnancy in and of itself is not able to eliminate this risk, and a considerable fraction of women with GDM will develop frank diabetes in the decade following pregnancy. Our aim is to conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention program implemented after a pregnancy complicated by GDM in delaying or preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Women aged 18 or older identified as having recent GDM are recruited and followed by telephone to assess eligibility for the trial. To be eligible, women must have used insulin during pregnancy or present intermediate hyperglycemia postpartum. Women are encouraged to enter the trial as early as 10 weeks, and are permitted to do so up to 2 years after a pregnancy with GDM. An estimated 740 women will be randomized to either conventional care or to coach-based interventions focused on breastfeeding, weight loss, healthy eating, and increased physical activity, and predominantly delivered by telephone. Women are followed annually to detect new onset diabetes, the primary outcome, and additional secondary outcomes which include reversion to normoglycemia, weight loss, physical activity and fitness, and insulin resistance. Discussion: Though previous studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented, no study has yet demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of similar interventions implemented in the postpartum period for women with recent GDM. If shown to be successful, this approach could become an important means of preventing diabetes in primary care settings