Measles Vaccination among Children (12 to 23 Months) in IDPs Settlements of Khartoum State, Sudan

Objectives: To assess the coverage rate of measles vaccine among children 12 to 23 months old and causes behind non-immunization in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) settlements.Methods: A multistage cluster sampling, community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in IDPs Settlements of Khartoum State, Sudan, in 2009. Questionnaires were collected from 210 children (12 to 23 months) old to determine the coverage rate and causes behind non-immunization with measles vaccine.Results: Almost one quarter (24.8%) of children was not vaccinated by measles and the coverage rate was 75.2%; most of them had a vaccination card (86%) which means a high documentation and verification of mothers answers and only 14% verified the immunization status of their children by memory. The major cause of none vaccination was because of the busyness of the mother to take her child for vaccination, which comprises 10% of the children, followed by 6.2% of children not vaccinated because their mothers give no reason for not vaccinating their children. There was evidence of a significant association (P-Value = 0.037) between education level of the mothers' and numbers of children under five years in the family with the immunization of Measles.Conclusion: Coverage of measles vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in IDPs settlements in Khartoum state was reasonably acceptable. The most common reasons for non-immunization were that the caretakers were busy to take their children for vaccination and being unaware of need to return for measles vaccine. Apply a health promotion program and use of different comprehensive interventions to convince mothers to complete measles immunization and increases coverage rate, also plan and implement an effective health education program to increase the awareness of mothers on the importance of measles vaccination

Prevalence and Management of Periodontal Diseases in Gezira Province (Central Sudan)

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status of present periodontal diseases in Gezira Province. The facilities investigated included those in urban and rural areas including Wad Medani Dental hospital, Wad Medani Military Hospital, El Gadaiea Health Centre and Maringan Health Centre. Methodology: The study tools were direct pre-coded questionnaires, and a checklist. The procedure involved dental clinical examinations of patients to estimate periodontal diseases assessed by measuring calculus, gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets (PI index). The study sample was randomly selected to comprise 10% of patients attending Wad Medani Dental and Military Dental Hospitals during a week time period (6 days). All patients attended El Gadaiea and Marinjan Health Centres (n = 201) and sampled patients at rural health institutions during the same period were recruited (n = 448). Results: Thirty study sites in the rural areas were chosen from five study councils including Alhosh, Wad Alnaeem, Alhag Abdalla, Almadina Arab and Hantoub. They comprise 418 towns, villages and camps, of the only 118 had health services, including only four dental units. This was the reason that most of rural populations seek oral health services for periodontal diseases and dental caries in Wad Medani health institutions. The result showed that the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontal diseases were more prominent in the rural areas, while the management of them were meager in both the urban and rural areas. Conclusion: From the results of the present study could be concluded that there was a high prevalence of periodontal diseases due to poor provision of dental services in both quantity and quality at Gezira Province. &nbsp

EDC News Letter

The production of health professionals in particular physicians in the required numbers and of adequate quality is essential for any well performing health system. It is estimated that more than three hundreds colleges, faculties or schools of medicine are operating in the 22 Member States in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of medical schools, which has led to significant expansion in the medical workforce in the EMR. The physician population density rose significantly from the year 1990 to the year 2013 with the exception of Group 3 countries

PSEUDOMYXOMA PERITONEI A RARE CASE

This is a case report of a 55- year old male patient who presented with features of intestinal obstruction. The obstruction which was relieved surgically by removal of fibrous adhesions was found to be the result of Pseudomyxoma peritonei however, at operation the primary focus of the tumor was not found because of extensive local metastasis. The patient received parental chemotherapy inform of intravenous 5-fluorouracil (6oomg/day 5 times/ week) for 6 month and was discharged from hospital in good condition

Water Harvesting of the area North of Khartoum Bahri

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of rain water of the area north of the Khartoum Bahri and protect the Villages from the floods, and conduct a comprehensive hydrological study of the water basins passing through that area. The methods used in this study were to collect data from different sources such as Digital Elevation Maps, Urban development maps, Rainfall data. In addition to hydrological, hydro geological studies and survey works. These data were analyzed using hydraulics equations and probability distribution functionsf(x). From the results the basins catchment drainage has been identified and planned based on hydrology, geological and topography of the area and it was found that the basins that produce the torrents, mostly located north east of the catchment, the area of these catchment is 11.5 km 2. The maximum out flow for catchment is about 138 m3/s in the central of catchment area, and is considered the best selected area for the construction of water harvesting technique. Normal distribution has been found to be the best fitted distribution for the representation of the annual rainfall in study area. Conclusion and recommendation drawn from this study is to Construct embankment or dike to prevent the water passing in the north-east direction of the study are

Helping Mothers Survive Bleeding after Birth Training Join project between University of Gezira, Jhpiego- affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Sudanese American Medical Association (SAMA), Sudanese Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society

Abstract:The post partum haemorrhage (PPH) Project of Sudan should consider facilitation of implementation of a more comprehensive and innovative program to address prevention, identification and management of PPH with the goal of improving the quality of care and health outcomes related to PPH.The Master Trainer Course was held at the University of Gezira (U of G) followed by Champion courses and Clinical Mentor orientation sessions in 5 hospitals (4 rural and 1 urban). There are additional 5 hospitals in Gezira state where providers have yet to receive the Champions course. The additional courses are planned in March and April of 2016. 23 Master Trainers were mentored in help mother survive (HMS). The PPH Project Director based at UofG and additional 2 more trainers were introduced to the principles of HMS training and the low dose high frequency (LDHF) approach was adopted. 155 providers participated in a bleeding after birth (BAB) Champions Course. 106 of the participants were village midwives who received selected updates around child birth to address gaps identified during the opening role play. Updates included being patient during second stage of labour, no pulling of fetus, delivering babies to mothers, abdomen/skin to skin, drying the baby immediately, changing the wet cloth and covering the baby with dry cloth while on mothers’ abdomen, not to hold babies upside down, not to separate babies from mothers after cutting the cord. No cord milking, evacuation of birth canal in the name of “cleaning” it, no routine episiotomy or pulling the placenta without counter pressure and few others.34 providers from 5 hospitals (4 rural and 1 urban) were oriented as clinical mentors. They will conduct peer mentorship at respective hospitals as well as the downward type of mentorship to midwives at health centers and village midwives from respective community neighborhoo

Impact of Moringa oleifera Leaf and Flaxseed on Lipid Oxidation and Microbiological Characteristics of Chicken Burger During Cold Storage

Background: Practice of making burgers out of chicken instead of red meat is gaining popularity. because of their high fat substance and on account of no social or strict limitations to the utilization of poultry. The present study aimed to assess effect of adding Moringa oleifera leaf and flaxseed combinations on lipid oxidation and microbiological traits of chicken burger during cold storage.Methods: In this study the pH, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) as well as microbiological characteristics of chicken burger formulated by various levels of Moringa oleifera leaf and flaxseed powder were evaluated. Samples were as follows: control=0%FS+0%MLP; T1=20%FS+0%MLP; T2=15%FS+5%MLP; T3=10%FS+10%MLP; T4=5%FS+15%MLP; andT5=0%FS+20%MLP.Results: The results showed that the pH value of burger samples supplemented with Moringa oleifera and flaxseed was decreased (P≤0.05) with an increasing period of storage and ranged between 3.5–5.1 and 3.3-4.9 when stored for 15 and 30 days, respectively.Conclusion: Peroxide values of T2, T3, T4 and T5 as well as the value of TBA within the MLP-treated and FS-treated samples (P 0.05) decreased with the progression of the storage period. Microbiological characteristics (P 0.05) were affected by the incorporation of MLP and FS in chicken burger treatments.Keywords: Burger; T.B.A.; Peroxide value; Contamination; Coliform bacteria;  E.coli; Moringa oleifera; Flaxseed   

Comparison between undergraduate dental students’ self-assessment of pre-clinical crown preparation and assessment by two tutors

Background: The ability of undergraduate medical sciences students to self-assess is a critical skill, which all health professionals must master. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the students' self-grading versus tutors' grades and to assess inter-examiner grade variation in preclinical crown preparations of plastic teeth. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study among fifty 4th-year undergraduate dental students, at semester 7 (2014-2015), at the University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan; and two tutors from the department of restorative dentistry with differing years of experience. Each student prepared a crown of porcelain fused to metal on a plastic molar. After one week students were asked to rate their preparation using the “glance-and-grade” marking system, out of 20 marks. The two examiners also assessed the preparation separately by the same method. A comparison between different variables was done by paired sample t-test and Person’s correlation test with the level of significance set at p-value≤0.05. Results: The mean of students self-grading (13.4±3.37) of the prepared teeth was higher than the mean grades (12.0±3.67) of the junior tutor (p=0.007) and moderate correlation (0.376). The mean of students self-grading is much higher than the mean grades (9.64±3.37) by the senior tutor (p=0.001) and with moderate correlation (0.450). Comparison between the grades means of the prepared teeth by the two tutors revealed statistical significant different (p=0.000) and strong correlation (0.647). The overall mean grades (10.82±5.25) by the two tutors and self-grading (13.40±3.375) by the students were statistically significantly different (p=0.00). Conclusion: Students tended to grade their preparations of porcelain fused to metal crowns on plastic teeth higher than tutors. Inter examiner variation in grading were observed between the junior and senior tutors. Training students in self-assessment methods and the setting of criteria by the faculty is recommended