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    Perioperative infusion of low- dose of vasopressin for prevention and management of vasodilatory vasoplegic syndrome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting-A double-blind randomized study

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    Preoperative medication by inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in coronary artery patients predisposes to vasoplegic shock early after coronary artery bypass grafting. Although in the majority of the cases this shock is mild, in some of them it appears as a situation, "intractable" to high-catecholamine dose medication. In this study we examined the possible role of prophylactic infusion of low-dose vasopressin, during and for the four hours post-bypass after cardiopulmonary bypass, in an effort to prevent this syndrome. In addition, we studied the influence of infused vasopressin on the hemodynamics of the patients, as well as on the postoperative urine-output and blood-loss. In our study 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were included in a blind-randomized basis. Two main criteria were used for the eligibility of patients for coronary artery bypass grafting: ejection fraction between 30-40%, and patients receiving ACE inhibitors, at least for four weeks preoperatively. The patients were randomly divided in two groups, the group A who were infused with 0.03 IU/min vasopressin and the group B who were infused with normal saline intraoperativelly and for the 4 postoperative hours. Measurements of mean artery pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), ejection fracture (EF), heart rate (HR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were performed before, during, and after the operation. The requirements of catecholamine support, the urine-output, the blood-loss, and the requirements in blood, plasma and platelets for the first 24 hours were included in the data collected. The incidence of vasodilatory shock was significantly lower (8% vs 20%) in group A and B respectively (p = 0,042). Generally, the mortality was 12%, exclusively deriving from group B. Postoperatively, significant higher values of MAP, CVP, SVR and EF were recorded in the patients of group A, compared to those of group B. In group A norepinephrine was necessary in fewer patients (p = 0.002) and with a lower mean dose (p = 0.0001), additive infusion of epinephrine was needed in fewer patients (p = 0.001), while both were infused for a significant shorter infusion-period (p = 0.0001). Vasopressin administration (for group A) was associated with a higher 24 hour diuresis) (0.0001)

    Infusion of antidiuretic hormone and vasodilatatory shock after extracorporal circulation in cardiovascular patients

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    Aim of the present study is to study the effect of the antidiuretic hormone, in the incidence of vasodilatatory shock, in patients with low ejection fraction. Material and Method. They were studied fifty patients, 40-80 years old, undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting or valvular surgery. The patients were randomly assigned in two groups. Patients in group I received antidiuretic hormone [vasopressin], (1,8U/h) and patients in group II received placebo. The antidiuretic hormone was administered 20 min before the initiation of CPB and was maintained until the second hour after the end of surgery. In all patients were recorded the biometric elements, the ejection fraction and the incidence of vasodilatatory shock. Also were recorded, 20 min before the initiation of CPB and every 20 min after the end of CPB, until the patients were stable in the I.C.U., the following parameters: HR, BP, PAP, CVP, CO, blood gas analysis, hourly diuresis, maximum dose of norepinephrine and the duration of norepinephrine. The statistical analysis, was done by T-test (independent-sample), with a p value less than 0,05 considered statistically significant. Results. In the first 24 hours of our study, in the patients of group I were recorded: a significant increase of the ejection fraction (EF), of MAP and CVP the time moments T4 and T5 and a significant increase of SVR at the time moments T2, T3, and T4. A significant increase of the 24hour diuresis was recorded in group I. A significant decrease in 24hour after-surgery bleeding. Also was recorded the frequency of vasodilatatory shock, which was 12% in the patients of group I and 48% in the patients of group II. Conclusions. High incidence of vasodilatatory shock was recorded. The aministration of antidiuretic hormone, decreased significantly the frequency of vasodilatatory shock. A significant result that must be studied more is the significant increase of the ejection fraction in the patients who have received vasopressin.Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να μελετήσουμε την επίδραση της αντιδιουρητικής ορμόνης στην επίπτωση αγγειοδιασταλτικού shock σε καρδιοχειρουργικούς ασθενείς με χαμηλό κλάσμα εξώθησης και υπό αγωγή με α- ΜΕΑ. Υλικό - μέθοδοι: Μελετήθηκαν 50 ασθενείς ηλικίας 40 - 80 ετών, οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε καρδιοχειρουργική επέμβαση για αορτοστεφανιαία παράκαμψη ή αντικατάσταση βαλβίδας με εξωσωματική κυκλοφορία. Οι ασθενείς χωρίστηκαν τυχαία σε 2 ομάδες. Η ομάδα I - περιελάμβανε ασθενείς στους οποίους χορηγήσαμε αντιδιουρητική ορμόνη [βαζοπρεσσίνη], (1,8 IU/h). Η ομάδα II - περιελάμβανε ασθενείς στους οποίους χορηγήθηκε εικονικό φάρμακο [placebo], (N/S 0.9% 22 ml/h). Η αντιδιουρητική ορμόνη χορηγήθηκε 20 λεπτά πριν την έναρξη της εξωσωματικής κυκλοφορίας και συνεχίστηκε μέχρι και την 2η μετεχγχειρητική ώρα. Σε όλους τους ασθενείς καταγράφηκαν τα βιομετρικά στοιχεία, το κλάσμα εξώθησης και η επίπτωση του αγγειοδιασταλτικού Shock. Επιπλέον καταγράφηκαν 20 λεπτά πριν την εξωσωματική και κάθε 20 λεπτά μετά το πέρας αυτής, μέχρι την σταθεροποίηση του ασθενούς στην ΜΕΘ, οι κάτωθι παράμετροι: HR, BP, PAP, CVP, CO, αέρια αίματος, ωριαία διούρηση, μέγιστη δόση νορεπινεφρίνης και διάρκεια χορήγησής αυτής. Η στατιστική μελέτη έγινε με το Τ-test (independent-samples), με σημαντική τιμή του p ≤ 0,05. Αποτελέσματα: Στο πρώτο 24ωρο της μελέτης μας, στους ασθενείς της ομάδας I καταγράφηκε μια σημαντική αύξηση του EF, της MAP και της CVP, τις χρονικές στιγμές Τ4, και Τ5 καθώς και μια σημαντική αύξηση των SVR, τις χρονικές στιγμές Τ2, Τ3 και Τ4. Μια σημαντική αύξηση της 24ώρης διούρησης στην ομάδα Ι. Μια σημαντική μείωση της μετεγχειρητικής αιμορραγίας. Επίσης, καταγράψαμε ότι η συχνότητα του αγγειοδιασταλτικού shock, ήταν 12% στους ασθενείς της ομάδας I και 48% στους ασθενείς της ομάδας II. Συμπεράσματα: Παρατηρήθηκε υψηλή επίπτωση του αγγειοδιασταλτικού shock. Η χορήγηση της αντιδιουρητικής ορμόνης οδήγησε σε σημαντική μείωση της συχνότητας εμφάνισής του. Ένα σημαντικό εύρημα το οποίο χρήζει περαιτέρω μελέτης είναι η σημαντική βελτίωση του EF στους ασθενείς που έλαβαν βαζοπρεσσίνη
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