THE EVOLUTION OF SNP PETROM STOCK LIST - STUDY THROUGH AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS

Stock exchange market is one of the most dynamic and unpredictable markets. In this context, this work intends to analyze the SNP Petrom shares on the REGS market, based on the chronological series. The economic series are often not stationary, but they can be stationarized by different data transformations. The simplest method used for stationarizing a series is to apply differentiating operators of various classes on the series. After applying this operator, a stationary series that can be modified by an ARIMA (p.q) process is usually obtained. Most time series with economic content include a seasonal component besides the trend and random component. The purpose of this work is to estimate the parameters of an ARIMA (p,d,q) model for SNP Petrom shares, where p is the number of autoregressive terms, d is the integration level of the series (how many times the series must be differentiated in order to become stationary) and q is the number of moving average terms (MA).list, economic series, autoregressive models

STATISTICAL STUDY CONCERNING THE URBAN TOBACCO'S CONSUM, PREMISES OF THE CONSUMERS' BEHAVIOUR CHANGES

While tobacco became more and more popular, there were always voices against it being considered immoral and harmful. However the intent of restraining his using has only made it more valuable and encouraged smuggling. Smoking is a risk factor for excitement state at young infants. Being a subject of actuality and of national interest, the authors have performed a study among the citizens of Bucharest, in order to sketch of the typical smoker profile. Smoking teenagers have to seek for medical care more often than non-smokers. As a final conclusion of this study we have to mention the fact that through a better campaign against smoking, sustained by the authorities, the number of smokers and smoking harmful effects could be significantly reduced.Tobacco, consume, survey, sampling, probability, representatively, assortment

Advanced Characterization of Silica–Encapsulated Aluminum Pigments

For environmental reasons, the paints industry shifts from solvent-borne towards water-borne formulations. This change is challenging the business of aluminum pigments, as the hydrogen released by the reaction of aluminum with water degrades the optical properties, besides being a safety concern. In this work, industrial-grade aluminum pigments are encapsulated, by a well-known method, in a silica matrix by sol-gel process using isopropanol - a more suitable solvent for the industry. The effectiveness of the encapsulation process is proven by advanced physical methods (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy, Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis) and by industry-relevant tests (stability in water, hiding power, flop and granulometry). Moreover, advanced surface-applied physical methods (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy combined with Selected Area Electron Diffraction and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, and FT-IR microscopy) clearly show the homogeneity of the resulting pigments, a quality which is highly desirable for practical applications. The results demonstrate that stability comparable to that of pigments passivized by chromium-based inhibitors is easily achieved, for a variety of operating conditions. However, accomplishing a homogeneous silica layer of the right thickness is the determining factor for good optical properties

Consumer Perception Research on Online Influencer Marketing: A Review of Key Findings and Implication

Online influencer marketing has emerged as a popular strategy for brands to engage with consumers and promote their products or services. Understanding consumer perceptions of influencer-driven content is crucial for marketers to effectively leverage this marketing approach. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of consumer perception research on online influencer marketing, exploring key dimensions that influence consumers' attitudes, behaviors, and purchase decisions. The research delves into the critical factor of trust and credibility, investigating how authenticity, expertise, relatability, and transparency contribute to consumers' trust in influencers. It also explores the concept of source credibility and its persuasive effect on consumers. Factors such as source expertise, likability, and perceived similarity are analyzed in relation to influencer persuasion. The study further explores the influence of different social media platforms on consumer perceptions of influencers and influencer marketing, as well as the distinctions between various influencer types, such as macroinfluencers, micro-influencers, and nano-influencers

Research Based on Secondary Data into the Influence of Colours on the Online Consumer’s Behaviour

The current article presents the importance of colours in day-by-day life of online marketing. With the accelerating progress in science as well as information and technology, marketing is always changing. The neuroscience of colour in relation to customer conviction is one of the numerous topics studied in marketing. As a starting point, the paper opens with a brief theoretical presentation of the consumer behaviour as the central element of marketing, while in the second part, a study of colours is clarifying the link between them and the perception of the customers. A good reason for everything that follows is represented by the fact that colour is pervasive and a source of knowledge. The paper presents the level of importance that colours represents in everyday online marketing. Marketing is permanently changing with rapid advances in science, information and technology

Level of Financial Education in South-Eastern Europe

Financial literacy refers to a person's knowledge and skills in managing personal finances and making wise financial decisions. Adequate financial education is essential for making informed choices and avoiding financial problems. The purpose of this academic article is to examine and analyse the importance and the impact of financial education in the current economic and social context. The article will explore the factors that influence the level of financial education and the barriers to implementing effective programs. The study aims to analyse the financial knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of people in South East Europe. The research methods provide an overview of the level of financial education in the South-East European regions, based on comparable data and rigorous analysis. The results of the study are the pillar for the developing effective financial education policies and programmes in the regions in order to make better decisions and ensure longterm financial securit

Le Cadre des Certifications Professionnelles:un Instrument pour la Réforme de \u27l\u27Enseignement superieur?

Nous vivons dans la civilisation du savoir. Au moins deux ou trois fois par jour, on entend à la faculté, à la télé ou à la radio, on lit ou on prononce couramment des syntagmes tels que «la société du savoir», «l’économie du savoir», «recherche – développement – innovation» ou «éducation/formation continue». Maintes fois, on entend ou on prononce ces mots dans des contextes différents, mais à chaque fois il y a une liaison avec les notions de savoir, connaissances ou formation. Le contexte le plus fréquent est pourtant celui de la compétition

Wheat crops protection against harmful organisms using chemical treatment of seed

In the conditions of the central area of Moldavia, losses in quantitative and qualitative wheat productions are determinated by pathogen agents which are transmitted by groundside and seed, like Fusarium sp. and Tilletia tritici, but also by some soil pests like the wire worms (Agriotes sp.) and the hunchback bug (Zabrus tenebrioides).The prevention or decreasing of the attacks was achieved in the conditions of the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) of Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, by the chemical treatment of the seed using a range of insectofungicides (Yunta 246 FS, Nuprid Max, Austral Plus Net, Lamardor + Gaucho, Yunta Quatrro, Yunta Succesor, Alios 300 FS). The experienced insectofungicides insured a good plant protection against the attack of Agriotes sp., the plants frequency at the untreated variant was 6.37% and between 0.77% and 1.42% at the treated variants, and against Zabrus tenebrioides species, the frequency of damaged plants at the untreated variant was 1.76%, compared with 0.16% and 0.54% at the treated variants. Differences statistically insured were registered also in the attack produce by Fusarium sp. and Tilletia tritici, between the treated variants with the experimented insectofungicides and the untreated variant. The experienced insectofungicides in the seed treatment haven’t influence in the negative way on the seed germination, plants growth, development of plants root system as well as plants fraternally; between the treated variants and the untreated variant have been registered differences statistically insured in all the made biometric observations. The good protection, insured by the experienced insetofungicides, had a positive influence on the wheat production to hectare which was 4852 kg/ha in the untreated variant and between 5225 kg/ha and 5930 kg/ha in the treated variants; the production differences between the treated variants and untreated variant were statistically insured

ESG Reporting Standards in The Banking Sector: A Global Analysis

Integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors into the banking sector is an increasingly important concern worldwide. This process involves adopting policies and practices that take into account the impact of banking activities on the environment, communities and corporate governance. The aim of this article is to analyse the state of alignment of the banking sector with ESG sustainability principles. To achieve this, we collected data from several countries, covering different regions and economies. Our research methodology involved selecting a number of major banks from different countries and regions, with a focus on the largest financial institutions worldwide and collecting the data from annual reports, sustainability reports and other public sources regarding the ESG practices of these banks. Our results provide a clear picture of the current state of alignment of the banking sector with ESG principles globally