ENGINEERING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT HATCHABILITY PREDICTION IN ROSS-308 CROSS-BRED BROILER CHICKENS

Abstract. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the prediction of broiler chicken hatchability on the basis of the biological control of eggs. The incubation of Ross-308 cross-bred eggs was carried out during the period from 2011 to 2016. A formula for predicting broiler chicken hatchability for the current program of maintenance of the parent stock and egg incubation mode was obtained using the results of egg incubation analysis. The difference between the observed and expected hatching rates fluctuated within a range of -0.1 to +1.3 %. The hatchability prediction of broiler chickens according to the proposed formula based on the results of biocontrol for 0-11 days is accurate enough to be recommended for use at enterprises producing and selling dayold Ross-308 cross-bred meat broiler chickens. Keywords: incubation, biological control, embryo mortality, laid egg hatchability, prediction formula. Introduction Incubation indicators provide an objective assessment of the reproductive qualities of birds. Normally, the range of chicken egg hatchability is 86-92 %, and young chick hatch is 80-87 %, respectively. A high hatchability rate for cross-bred meat chickens is observed over a wide range of egg weights, Haugh Units, albumen-yolk correlation ratio, and across a narrow range in terms of shape index, egg density and eggshell thickness. Based on the achievements of breeding work, poultry breeding improvement and technical progress, constant corrective amendments have been introduced into egg incubation techniques and parameters that provide the genetic determination of a standardised hatch of baby chicks. The embryonic viability of modern highly efficient chicken crosses is higher compared with the previously used breeding material. In terms of incubation time, laying crosses can, for our purposes, be referred to as "stayers" and meat crosses -as "sprinters". On the basis of the widespread proliferation of endo-and exotoxicosis, an increase in the proportion of secondary vitamin deficiencies, arrested development and deformity of embryos can be diagnosed. In the incubation of meat chicken cross eggs it became an established practice to reduce the air temperature to 36.6-36.8 ºС (97.9-98.2 ºF) following mass pipping and to adjust incubation mode control in agreement with eggshell or embryos temperature. Circadian incubation, Dynamic Weight Loss System and Synchro-Hatch were introduced into the incubation technology in accordance with pipping intensity. In this connection, hatchery managers must accurately predict chick hatch rates depending on the biological value of eggs and technical capabilities of hatcheries. Unlike the various indexes referred to in edible egg and chicken meat production, there are no such indexes in egg incubation In this relation, a certain role can be played by lifecycle biological control of egg incubation [2; 3]

Haemodynamic effects of initial combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Although the initial use of combination treatment has been proven to be beneficial for patients’ clinical outcomes, there are scarce data on its haemodynamic effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an initial combination of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted therapies on haemodynamic parameters in treatment-naïve PAH patients. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science was performed. We considered eligible studies with an intervention of initial PAH-targeted combination therapy in treatment-naïve PAH patients with or without monotherapy control. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for the difference between baseline and follow-up in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and other haemodynamic parameters. Results In 880 patients receiving initial combination therapy PVR was reduced by −6.5 Wood Units (95% CI −7.4–−5.7 Wood Units) or by −52% (95% CI −56%–−48%, I2=0%) compared to baseline. Initial triple therapy including a parenteral prostanoid resulted in significantly greater PVR reduction (−67% versus −50% with all other combination therapies, p=0.01). The effect was more pronounced in younger patients (p=0.02). Compared to baseline, there was −12.2 mmHg (95% CI −14.0–−10.4 mmHg) decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure, 0.9 L·min−1·m−2 (95% CI 0.8–1.1 L·min−1·m−2) increase in cardiac index, −3.2 mmHg (95% CI −4.1–−2.3 mmHg) decrease in right atrial pressure and 8.6% (95% CI 6.9–10.3%) increase in mixed venous oxygen saturation. In the controlled studies, initial combination therapy reduced PVR by −4.2 Wood Units (95% CI −6.1–−2.4 Wood Units) compared to monotherapy. Conclusion Initial combination therapy leads to remarkable haemodynamic amelioration. Parenteral prostanoids should be considered early, especially in more severely affected patients, to enable right ventricular reverse remodelling

Right ventricular myocardial work characterization in patients with pulmonary hypertension and relation to invasive hemodynamic parameters and outcomes

Noninvasive evaluation of indexes of right ventricular (RV) myocardial work (RVMW) derived from RV pressure-strain loops may provide novel insights into RV function in precapillary pulmonary hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate the association between the indexes of RVMW and invasive parameters of right heart catheterization and all-cause mortality. Noninvasive analysis of RVMW was completed in 51 patients (mean age 58.1 ± 12.7 years, 31% men) with group I or group IV pulmonary hypertension. RV global work index (RVGWI), RV global constructive work (RVGCW), RV global wasted work (RVGWW), and RV global work efficiency (RVGWE) were compared with parameters derived invasively during right heart catheterization. Patients were followed-up for the occurrence of all-cause death. The median RVGWI, RVGCW, RVGWW, and RVGWE were 620 mm Hg%, 830 mm Hg%, 105 mm Hg% and 87%, respectively. Compared with conventional echocardiographic parameters of RV systolic function, RVGCW and RVGWI correlated more closely with invasively derived RV stroke work index (R = 0.63, p \u3c0.001 and R = 0.60, p \u3c0.001, respectively). Invasively derived pulmonary vascular resistance correlated with RVGWW (R = 0.63, p \u3c0.001), RVGWE (R = 0.48, p \u3c0.001), and RV global longitudinal strain (R = 0.58, p \u3c0.001). RVGCW (hazard ratio 1.42 per 100 mm Hg% \u3c900 mm Hg%, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.81, p = 0.004) and RVGWI (hazard ratio 1.46 per 100 mm Hg% \u3c650 mm Hg%, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.94, p = 0.010) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality, whereas RV global longitudinal strain, RVGWE, and RVGWW were not. In conclusion, indexes of RVMW were more closely correlated with invasively derived RV stroke work index and peripheral vascular resistance than conventional echocardiographic parameters of RV systolic function. Decreased values of RVGCW and RVGWI were associated with all-cause mortality, whereas conventional echocardiographic parameters of RV function were not

The Adult Congenital Heart Disease Anatomic and Physiological Classification: Associations with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Atrial Arrhythmias

The implications of the adult congenital heart disease anatomic and physiological classification (AP-ACHD) for risk assessment have not been adequately studied. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from an ongoing national, multicentre registry of patients with ACHD and atrial arrhythmias (AA) receiving apixaban (PROTECT-AR study, NCT03854149). At enrollment, patients were stratified according to Anatomic class (AnatC, range I to III) and physiological stage (PhyS, range B to D). A follow-up was conducted between May 2019 and September 2021. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, any major thromboembolic event, major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, or hospitalization. Cox proportional-hazards regression modeling was used to evaluate the risks for the outcome among AP-ACHD classes. Over a median 20-month follow-up period, 47 of 157 (29.9%) ACHD patients with AA experienced the composite outcome. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the outcome in PhyS C and PhyS D were 1.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 4.67) and 8.15 (95% CI 1.52 to 43.59), respectively, as compared with PhyS B. The corresponding aHRs in AnatC II and AnatC III were 1.12 (95% CI 0.37 to 3.41) and 1.06 (95% CI 0.24 to 4.63), respectively, as compared with AnatC I. In conclusion, the PhyS component of the AP-ACHD classification was an independent predictor of net adverse clinical events among ACHD patients with AA

Association of Health Status Metrics with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Atrial Arrhythmias

The prognostic value of health status metrics in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) and atrial arrhythmias is unclear. In this retrospective cohort study of an ongoing national, multicenter registry (PROTECT-AR, NCT03854149), ACHD patients with atrial arrhythmias on apixaban are included. At baseline, health metrics were assessed using the physical component summary (PCS), the mental component summary (MCS) of the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and the modified European Heart Rhythm Association (mEHRA) score. Patients were divided into groups according to their SF-36 PCS and MCS scores, using the normalized population mean of 50 on the PCS and MCS as a threshold. The primary outcome was the composite of mortality from any cause, major thromboembolic events, major/clinically relevant non-major bleedings, or hospitalizations. Multivariable Cox-regression analyses using clinically relevant parameters (age greater than 60 years, anatomic complexity, ejection fraction of the systemic ventricle, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores) were performed to examine the association of health metrics with the composite outcome. Over a median follow-up period of 20 months, the composite outcome occurred in 50 of 158 (32%) patients. The risk of the outcome was significantly higher in patients with SF-36 PCS ≤ 50 compared with those with PCS > 50 (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–3.84; p = 0.04) after adjusting for possible confounders. The SF-36 MCS ≤ 50 was not associated with the outcome. The mEHRA score was incrementally associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome (aHR = 1.44 per 1 unit increase in score; 95% CI, 1.03–2.00; p = 0.03) in multivariable analysis. In ACHD patients with atrial arrhythmias, the SF-36 PCS ≤ 50 and mEHRA scores predicted an increased risk of adverse events

Brašno - Kruh '13

The "Flour-Bread '13“ Congress topics were the following: breeding and quality of cereal grains, grain storage and milling technology, analytical and rheological methods, baking technology, improvers and additives, starch and modified starch, extrusion and pasta production, biscuit and pastry products, nutritional quality of cereals, cereal food safety and cereal based functional foods