Recommended incremental transparency measures.

<p>*Starred items may be considered as radical transparency measures; at this time we deem it premature to recommend their open publication by default but would welcome small-scale experimentation in this area.</p><p>Recommended incremental transparency measures.</p

Knowledge items.

<p>Knowledge items.</p

Demographic and clinical features of the samples.

<p>*the total number could exceed the number of subjects due to the presence of multiple drugs administration</p><p>Demographic and clinical features of the samples.</p

Five transcripts differentially expressed in fibroblasts from SCZ patients compared to control subjects.

<p>The list was created using a cut off of p<0.01 and FC ± 2. The genes are ordered on the basis of the best p-values.</p><p>Five transcripts differentially expressed in fibroblasts from SCZ patients compared to control subjects.</p

Brain mRNA expression levels of the 6 genes analyzed by qPCR.

<p>The data were retrieved from a public database containing transcriptome data and associated metadata for the developing and adult human brain (<a href="http://hbatlas.org/" target="_blank">http://hbatlas.org/</a>). A total of 16 brain regions were investigated: the cerebellar cortex, mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and 11 areas of the neocortex. ++ = high expression,+ = average expression; − = low expression.</p><p>Brain mRNA expression levels of the 6 genes analyzed by qPCR.</p

RT-qPCR of EGR1 mRNA expression levels in fibroblasts (A) and PBCs (B) from patients affected by SCZ (n = 22 and n = 25, respectively), MDD (n = 16 and n = 21) and BD (n = 15 and n = 20).

<p>The results are expressed as Average Log2 Ratio (ALR) between the SCZ, MDD and BD groups versus the control samples. The bars denote the magnitude of change. All p-values were corrected for multiple comparisons by Bonferroni correction. **p≤0.001.</p

RT-qPCR mRNA expression levels from fibroblasts and PBCs expressed as Average Log2 Ratio (ALR) between the SCZ (n = 22 and n = 25, respectively) and control (n = 19 and n = 22,) samples.

<p>The bars denote the magnitude of change. All p-values were corrected for multiple comparisons by Bonferroni correction. **p≤0.001; *p≤0.05.</p

Correlation between the EGR1 mRNA levels in fibroblasts and PBCs from 24 patients for whom both tissue samples were available.

<p>The mRNA levels are expressed as ΔΔCt.</p

RNA sequencing of bipolar disorder lymphoblastoid cell lines implicates the neurotrophic factor HRP-3 in lithium’s clinical efficacy

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Lithium remains the oldest and most effective treatment for mood stabilisation in bipolar disorder (BD), even though at least half of patients are only partially responsive or do not respond. This study aimed to identify biomarkers associated with lithium response in BD, based on comparing RNA sequencing information derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of lithium-responsive (LR) versus lithium non-responsive (LNR) BD patients, to assess gene expression variations that might bear on treatment outcome.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> RNA sequencing was carried out on 24 LCLs from female BD patients (12 LR and 12 LNR) followed by qPCR validation in two additional independent cohorts (41 and 17 BD patients, respectively).</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Fifty-six genes showed nominal differential expression comparing LR and LNR (FC ≥ |1.3|, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). The differential expression of <i>HDGFRP3</i> and <i>ID2</i> was validated by qPCR in the independent cohorts.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> We observed higher expression levels of <i>HDGFRP3</i> and <i>ID2</i> in BD patients who favourably respond to lithium. Both of these genes are involved in neurogenesis, and <i>HDGFRP3</i> has been suggested to be a neurotrophic factor. Additional studies in larger BD cohorts are needed to confirm the potential of <i>HDGFRP3</i> and <i>ID2</i> expression levels in blood cells as tentative favourable lithium response biomarkers.</p