THE ROLE OF MUSICAL HERMENEUTICS IN THE FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF INTERPRETATION IN PERFORMERS

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this work is to consider the possibilities of hermeneutics in developing the skill of understanding a musical text as one of the main mental abilities of musician-performers. Methodology: The study is based on the method of hermeneutics, the method of analyzing a musical text, which is widely used in the humanities and social sciences in general and plays an essential role in art criticism. Unlike other methods, text analysis uses the point of view of the author of the text. Interpretative and content analysis are the two primary forms of textual analysis of cultural artifacts. Interpreting textual analysis seeks to go beyond the surface of the meaning and explore the hidden "message" of the author. Main Findings: The main findings of the study are that the role of musical hermeneutics is important in the professional training of contemporary performers in connection with the need to develop their ability to understand a musical text and form a culture of interpretation. Applications of this study: This research can be used in musicological analysis and the process of professional education of musician-performers and theorists. The novelty of the work consists in proving the effectiveness of the method of musical hermeneutics in the formation of a culture of interpretation in performers. Novelty/Originality of this study: The method turned out to be effective for not only the theory of literature, hermeneutics, and semiotics, but also for musicology and the work of composers and performers directly working with intertexts

Problems and outlook for marketable wheat grain production

In recent years, Russia has made considerable advances in the production and export of grain. Grain production, primarily wheat, is the driver of the country’s economic growth. At the same time, wheat grain has a multipurpose use, it is a valuable multifunctional primary product for obtaining a wide range of production with high added value, consumed by many economic sectors. A paradoxical situation has developed: Russia is the world’s largest exporter of grain – primary product, and is acutely dependent on imported products of its processing. Therefore, the outlook for the wheat grain production development is associated with the expansion of production of wheat grain processing products, with its advanced processing and export of products with high added value. The development of advanced grain processing will increase the profitability as of agribusiness, the processing industry in general, as of exporters

Grain bran hydrolysates in the production of fruit distillates

Currently, there is an urgent need for domestic fermentation activators based on low-cost secondary raw materials. We aimed to study the effect of microbial enzyme preparations with different action on the hydrolysis of proteins and phytin of grain bran to obtain fermentation activators that could become an alternative to imported ones. We studied wheat and rye brans; microbial enzyme preparations with cytolytic, proteolytic, and phytase action; multi-enzyme compositions; and grain bran hydrolysates. Firstly, we determined the kinetic characteristics of enzyme preparations. Secondly, we evaluated their effectiveness in the hydrolysis of the brans. Thirdly, we developed multi-enzyme compositions. Finally, we determined the concentration of soluble forms of phosphorus and free amino acids in the hydrolysates. We determined optimal temperature and pH values for the enzyme preparations. The multi-enzyme compositions contributed to a high accumulation of reducing substances, water-soluble protein, and phosphorus. The concentration of free amino acids in the hydrolysates obtained under the action of the bran’s own enzymes was about 20% higher in the wheat samples, compared to the rye samples. However, when using multi-enzyme compositions in addition to the bran’s own enzymes, the concentration of free amino acids was 1.5 times higher in the rye hydrolysates, compared to the wheat hydrolysates. The use of multi-enzyme compositions under optimal conditions can double the content of phosphorus and free amino acids available for yeast, compared to the control. Our results can be used for further research into using grain bran hydrolysates as an alternative source of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition for yeast at the fermentation stage of fruit distillate production

Innovative Approach to Wheat-Flax Flour Producing

An innovative approach to the obtaining of wheat-flax flour has been developed, it is based on the use of polished wheat groats and semolina for subsequent grinding together with flax seeds. The technological scheme for grinding a two-component grain mixture included one break system and three reduction systems. It is found that the introduction of flax seeds into the milling grist has a significant effect on all quality indicators, and the greatest effect was revealed at the processing of a mixture of semolina and flax seeds. Statistical analysis made it possible to establish a linear character of the dependence of the flour whiteness on the yield (R = 0.96 - 0.99). The protein and fat content in wheat-flax flour № 1 (wheat groats + flax) is 14.0% and 3.8%, and in wheat-flax flour № 2 (semolina + flax) – 12.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The essential linolenic acid content in wheat-flax flour №1 and №2 is 49.34% and 45.55%, respectively, while it is 2.95% for top-grade wheat flour. The new approach made it possible to significantly simplify the grinding process, abandon multi-grade grinding, and achieve a uniform distribution of fat among flour varieties. The resulting wheat-flax flour contains the required amount of PUFAs in accordance with the recommended consumption rates and the inclusion of products from it in the diet of a modern person can compensate for the lack of PUFAs of the ɷ-3 family

Digitalization in the field of music education: assessment of prospects

Preconditions of the research: in the course of implementation of federal program of digitalization of all areas of life, the digital format has been applied for education of musicians in higher schools. In this regard, the research objective is assessment of digitalization results of modern departments of music in Moscow universities (RSSU, MPGU), determination of prospects and issues of this process. The research was based on common methods of analysis: system analysis, instrumental and functional approaches, dialectic and comparative analysis, as well as sociological and statistic methods. Results: it is possible to conclude that in Russia digitalization of higher music education leads to improvement of its quality in total; provides higher level of mastering programs by students, expansion of range of acquired competences and opportunities to obtain high-quality education by broader range of people. Herewith, digitalization does not deprive art education of its inherently individualistic and practice-oriented approaches (individual lessons, independent creative work, rehearsals, etc.). The novelty of the work is comprised of substantiation of efficiency of digital educational environment in universities and departments of music, which is a promising approach promoting development of higher education in Russia and allowing to achieve qualitatively new level of music pedagogics. The practical significance of the work is in disclosure of problems of music education digitalization

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes