Digitalna medicina: bioetička procjena izazova i mogućnosti

The digital health industry is developing rapidly: many new subjects are involved in the field of medicine; new opportunities for distant medical services, diagnostics, monitoring of patients’ health, and conducting medical research are emerging; electronic medical documentation is being developed, global medical information databases are being formed, etc. At the same time, the format of doctor-patient relationships is being transformed and new issues and challenges arise that require ethical evaluation. I identified three areas of digital medicine and analyzed issues of confidentiality, informed consent, autonomy and equity in each case. The impact of digital health technologies on the ethical contexts of medicine is uneven: telemedicine possesses the smallest revolutionary potential, which changes the mechanisms of doctor-patient interaction and actualizes issues of cultural differences. mHealth technologies significantly affect patient autonomy and change ways of sharing medical information. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is diverse in medicine, it can depersonalize relationships in medicine, radically change ideas about the role of the doctor and patient, lead to a radical restructuring of the medical care system in the center of which will be the new model of patient interaction with automated medical agents and systems.Digitalna zdravstvena industrija ubrzano se razvija: mnogi novi subjekti uključeni su u područje medicine; pojavljuju se nove mogućnosti medicinske usluge na daljinu, dijagnostiku, praćenje zdravlja pacijenata i provođenje medicinskih istraživanja; razvija se elektronička medicinska dokumentacija, formiraju se globalne baze podataka o medicinskim informacijama itd. Istodobno se mijenja format odnosa liječnik - pacijent i pojavljuju se novi problemi i izazovi koji zahtijevaju etičku procjenu. Identificirala sam tri područja digitalne medicine i analizirala pitanja povjerljivosti, informiranog pristanka, autonomije i pravednosti za svaki slučaj. Utjecaj digitalnih zdravstvenih tehnologija na etičke kontekste medicine neujednačen je: telemedicina ima najmanji revolucionarni potencijal koji mijenja mehanizme interakcije liječnik - pacijent i aktualizira pitanja kulturnih razlika. Tehnologije mZdravlja značajno utječu na autonomiju pacijenta i mijenjaju načine dijeljenja medicinskih informacija. Umjetna inteligencija (UI) je različita u medicini, može depersonalizirati odnose u medicini, radikalno promijeniti ideje o ulozi liječnika i pacijenta, dovesti do radikalnog restrukturiranja sustava medicinske skrbi u čijem će središtu biti nov model interakcije pacijenta s automatiziranim medicinskim sredstvima i sustavima

Ответственные исследования и инновации (RRI): переосмысление ответственности и партиципативные стратегии

The new context of responsibility in modern science and the transition from ELSI and ELSA models to the new initiative of "responsible research and innovation" are considered. Relevance of transdisciplinary approaches to new dimensions in the field of biomedicine detected, the role of participatory models in the search for mechanisms to coordinate the social expectations and demands of innovations disclosed

Biological remediation of roadside areas

During the construction of highways, significant damage is caused to the environment: the soil cover is degraded, vegetation cover and the natural landscape are destroyed. The issue of minimizing the negative impact of this direction on the environment was not given enough attention. Therefore, one of the main issues of environmental protection is the timely implementation of works on reclamation of disturbed lands. Land areas of temporary allotment for road construction that are subjected to mechanical impact after the stage of technical reclamation are subject to biological reclamation, which is aimed at landscaping the roadside area. To achieve these goals, we used the method of developing measures for the reclamation of disturbed land during the construction of the highway. Activities on biological remediation can be performed as a result of: the serial complexity of the species composition of plant communities, which has long co-exist with man-made recultivated territories; the launch of the rehabilitation process which can be carried out simultaneously in a multispecies complex of phytocenosis, suggesting further its sustainable functioning. As a result of biological reclamation measures, using crops that are resistant to pollutants and meliorants, it is possible to gradually reduce the content of pollutants in the soil due to natural self-cleaning processes as a result of removal of elements by plants and their leaching outside the root layer of the soil

Pt and Pd Nanoparticle Crystallization in the Sol-Gel-Derived Thin SiO₂ Films

The crystallization and distribution the features of Pt, Pd and Pt/Pd nanoparticles in spin-on glass SiO2 films were studied within a wide range of the dopant concentrations in silica sol (from 10 to 80 mol.% Pt, Pd or Pt/Pd per 100 mol.% Si). The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) characterization revealed that the formation of 4–8 nm sized crystalline Pt, Pd and Pt/Pd nanoparticles in SiO2 films began at the dopant concentrations of at least 10 mol.% Pt and/or Pd per 100 mol.% Si. The nanoparticles obtained from sols with the lower Pt, Pd or Pt/Pd concentrations were characterized by an amorphous structure. The dopants distribution over the film thickness (~21–47 nm) was studied using X-ray reflectometry. The effect of the dopant concentration, spin-coating modes and heat treatment temperature on the film thickness was characterized. When only one of the dopants (Pt or Pd) was introduced into the silica sol, the resulting nanoparticles were preferentially localized close to the film surface. When dopants were used together, the Pt/Pd nanoparticles were distributed more evenly

Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity

CITATION: O’Brien, S. P., et al. 2016. Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 1:9, doi:10.1186/s41073-016-0012-9.The original publication is available at https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.comThese Proceedings contain the abstracts of the presentations given at the 4th World Conference in concurrent sessions, partner symposia, and poster sessions. Also included are summaries of the discussions in three focus tracks, which allowed delegates to consider and work on questions about the roles of funders, institutions, and countries in improving research systems and strengthening research integrity. Videos of the plenary presentations are available at the conference website (www.wcri2015.org).https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-016-0012-