4 research outputs found
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
The research in this paper is focused on the apprehensive function of the particles da ne in Macedonian and da ne bi in Bulgarian as part of South Slavic subjunctive da-constructions. These clusters of particles are considered to be markers of a wider apprehensive-epistemic category. They are assumed to have undergone grammaticalization due to their morphosyntactic and prosodic unity. Even though there may be some contextual differences, these particles in both Balkan Slavic languages share a common semantic component: an undesirable βfear-causingβ possibility of some potential situation. In terms of distribution, they may occur in both dependent and main clauses expressing related, gradient apprehensive-epistemic meanings. The goal of the paper is to categorize the apprehensive-epistemic types, determine their specific structural and functional properties, and establish the conceptual links between them. The paper takes a functional approach to the analysis of the apprehensive-epistemic semantic category, thus the categorization of its subtypes is determined on the basis of their functions in context. The analysis of the collected examples instantiating these functions testifies to an existing gradience within this category in both dependent and independent use. The conclusions of the paper have typological relevance in view of the fact that they may contribute to a better understanding of this crosslinguistic category from both semantic and grammatical perspective.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ·Π°Ρ
, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠΠΠΠ€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠOΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ-ΠΠ ΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠ’Π
ΠΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π° Π½Π΅-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°
Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΊ (ΠΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎ?) Π·Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°,
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ,
Π΄Π° Π½Π΅-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡ. Π’Π°Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΎ
ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡΠ²Π°
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡ. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° βΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡβ Π³ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠΠΠ€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠOΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ-ΠΠ ΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠ’Π
ΠΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π° Π½Π΅-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°
Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΊ (ΠΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎ?) Π·Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°,
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠ». ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ,
Π΄Π° Π½Π΅-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡ. Π’Π°Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΎ
ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡΠ²Π°
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡ. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° βΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡβ Π³ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅-ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Apprehensive-epistemic Da-Constructions in Balkan Slavic
The research in this paper is focused on the apprehensive function of the particles da ne in Macedonian and da ne bi in Bulgarian as part of South Slavic subjunctive da-constructions. These clusters of particles are considered to be markers of a wider apprehensive-epistemic category. They are assumed to have undergone grammaticalization due to their morphosyntactic and prosodic unity. Even though there may be some contextual differences, these particles in both Balkan Slavic languages share a common semantic component: an undesirable βfear-causingβ possibility of some potential situation. In terms of distribution, they may occur in both dependent and main clauses expressing related, gradient apprehensive-epistemic meanings. The goal of the paper is to categorize the apprehensive-epistemic types, determine their specific structural and functional properties, and establish the conceptual links between them. The paper takes a functional approach to the analysis of the apprehensive-epistemic semantic category, thus the categorization of its subtypes is determined on the basis of their functions in context. The analysis of the collected examples instantiating these functions testifies to an existing gradience within this category in both dependent and independent use. The conclusions of the paper have typological relevance in view of the fact that they may contribute to a better understanding of this crosslinguistic category from both semantic and grammatical perspective