12 research outputs found
Transformation of plant substrates by fungi
The results of chemical and thermal analysis of substrates based on the post-extraction residue of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) buds before and after bioconversion by Fp5-15 Fomitopsis pinicola fungi were compared. The thermal characteristics obtained using thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) methods are presented. The stages of thermal decomposition, their temperature intervals and the temperatures of the maxima on the DTG curves, as well as the weight loss of the samples, have been established. Studies have shown that under the action of the enzyme complex of fungi, easily and difficultly hydrolysable polysaccharides are utilized, and lignin substances also undergo changes
Conjugates of Chitosan with β-Cyclodextrins as Promising Carriers for the Delivery of Levofloxacin: Spectral and Microbiological Studies
In this work, we synthesized chitosan 5 kDa conjugates with β-cyclodextrins with various substituents as promising mucoadhesive carriers for the delivery of fluoroquinolones using the example of levofloxacin. The obtained conjugates were comprehensively characterized by spectral methods (UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, SEM). The physico-chemical properties of the complex formations were studied by IR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The dissociation constants of complexes with levofloxacin were determined. Complexation with conjugates provided four times slower drug release in comparison with plain CD and more than 20 times in comparison with the free drug. The antibacterial activity of the complexes was tested on model microorganisms Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The complex with the conjugate demonstrated the same initial levofloxacin antibacterial activity but provided significant benefits, e.g., prolonged release
Cholesterol Significantly Affects the Interactions between Pirfenidone and DPPC Liposomes: Spectroscopic Studies
In this work, we studied the effect of as on the interaction of membrane DPPC with the key antifibrotic drug pirfenidone. Liposomal forms of pirfenidone were obtained using passive loading. The addition of cholesterol reduces the loading efficiency of pirfenidone by 10%. The main binding site of pirfenidone in DPPC liposomes is the carbonyl group: the interaction with PF significantly increases the proportion of low-hydrated carbonyl groups as revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The phosphate group acts as an additional binding site; however, due to shielding by the choline group, this interaction is weak. The hydrophobic part of the bilayer is not involved in PF binding at room temperature. Cholesterol changes the way of interaction between carbonyl groups and pirfenidone probably because of the formation of two subpopulations of DPPC and causes a dramatic redistribution of carbonyl groups onto the degrees of hydration. The proportion of moderately hydrated carbonyl groups increases, apparently due to the deepening of pirfenidone into the circumpolar region of the bilayer. For the first time, a change in the microenvironment of pirfenidone upon binding to liposomes was shown: aromatic moiety interacts with the bilayer
Conjugates of Chitosan with Ξ²-Cyclodextrins as Promising Carriers for the Delivery of Levofloxacin: Spectral and Microbiological Studies
In this work, we synthesized chitosan 5 kDa conjugates with Ξ²-cyclodextrins with various substituents as promising mucoadhesive carriers for the delivery of fluoroquinolones using the example of levofloxacin. The obtained conjugates were comprehensively characterized by spectral methods (UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, SEM). The physico-chemical properties of the complex formations were studied by IR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The dissociation constants of complexes with levofloxacin were determined. Complexation with conjugates provided four times slower drug release in comparison with plain CD and more than 20 times in comparison with the free drug. The antibacterial activity of the complexes was tested on model microorganisms Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The complex with the conjugate demonstrated the same initial levofloxacin antibacterial activity but provided significant benefits, e.g., prolonged release
Cholesterol Significantly Affects the Interactions between Pirfenidone and DPPC Liposomes: Spectroscopic Studies
In this work, we studied the effect of as on the interaction of membrane DPPC with the key antifibrotic drug pirfenidone. Liposomal forms of pirfenidone were obtained using passive loading. The addition of cholesterol reduces the loading efficiency of pirfenidone by 10%. The main binding site of pirfenidone in DPPC liposomes is the carbonyl group: the interaction with PF significantly increases the proportion of low-hydrated carbonyl groups as revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The phosphate group acts as an additional binding site; however, due to shielding by the choline group, this interaction is weak. The hydrophobic part of the bilayer is not involved in PF binding at room temperature. Cholesterol changes the way of interaction between carbonyl groups and pirfenidone probably because of the formation of two subpopulations of DPPC and causes a dramatic redistribution of carbonyl groups onto the degrees of hydration. The proportion of moderately hydrated carbonyl groups increases, apparently due to the deepening of pirfenidone into the circumpolar region of the bilayer. For the first time, a change in the microenvironment of pirfenidone upon binding to liposomes was shown: aromatic moiety interacts with the bilayer
Vliyanie glimepirida (Amarila) na sostoyanie lipidnogo obmena, perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i insulinrezistentnost'
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ), Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 30 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π‘Π ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 2. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 16 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 1 ΠΌΠ³; 7 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ? 2 ΠΌΠ³, 6 ? 3 ΠΌΠ³ ΠΈ 1 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ? Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 0,5 ΠΌΠ³. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ? ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. 2-Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ) Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° 30 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘Π ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 2 ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ«ΠΡ (Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ), Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 2 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ Π) ΠΈ Π‘-ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘Π ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 2 ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘Π ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 2 Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘Π ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 2, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π‘-ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ.) ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘Π ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 2, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈ HbA1c Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠ Π ΠΈ Π‘-ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Avandiya ostaetsya odnim iz preparatov vybora v lechenii sakharnogo diabeta 2 tipa
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ). ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 42 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(30 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 12 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½) Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 62,44?7,69 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π‘Π 2 Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 6,08?3,95 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ), ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°; ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (ΠΠΠ’), ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡ (4 ΠΌΠ³ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ). ΠΠ° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 2 ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ° 3-ΠΌ ΠΈ 4-ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° Π°Π²Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 8 ΠΌΠ³ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° 5-ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ 5,69?0,9 Π΄ΠΎ 6,2?1,13 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π». Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Ρ 86,63?13,68 Π΄ΠΎ 85,44?12,74 ΠΊΠ³. Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π 2, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π 2 Π²ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° (ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
Methods of synthesizing glycoluril-based macrocyclic compounds as precursors for polymeric compounds
This review study considers the classification of data on synthesis methods and practically valuable features of glycoluril-based macrocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds as precursors for polymeric compounds. General data about glycoluril and tetra-N-hydroxymethylglycoluril as parental bases for various macrocyclic compounds were considered. Generalized experimental facts about methods for glycoluril direct N-functionalization and its N-hydroxymethyl derivative reactions in macrocycles and polymeric compound synthesis are given
A Gene Encoding l-Methionine Ξ³-Lyase Is Present in Enterobacteriaceae Family Genomes: Identification and Characterization of Citrobacter freundii l-Methionine Ξ³-Lyase
Citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine Ξ³-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. The nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a C. freundii EcoRI insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. The first one (denoted megL) encoded l-methionine Ξ³-lyase. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of permeases. Regions of high sequence identity with the 3β²-terminal part of the C. freundii megL gene located in the same regions of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, E. coli, and Citrobacter rodentium genomes were found