Sugar palm (Argena pinnata). Potential of sugar palm for bio-ethanol production

The energetic and economic feasibility of bioethanol production from sugar palm is virtually unknown. A positive factor are the potentially very high yields while the long non-productive juvenile phase and the high labor needs can be seen as problematic. Expansion to large scale sugar palm cultivation comes with risks. Small-scale cultivation of sugar palm perfectly fits into local farming systems. In order to make a proper assessment of the value palm sugar as bio-ethanol crop more information is needed

Dutch business opportunities in the Turkish biodiesel sector

To research possibilities for Dutch businesses to be involved in the Turkish biodiesel sector, a short literature study and unstructured interviews with sector stakeholders were performed. Turkey is interested to develop its biofuel sector particularly to improve its security of energy supply, more than climatic based reasons. Turkey is currently importing most of its energy needs. About 50% of oil is used for transportation. Biodiesel has been produced chiefly from imported oilseeds. However, the quantities of locally produced rapeseed and to a lesser extent safflower has increased strongly in the last few years. Biodiesel production grew from 2005 onwards but always remained under its capacity. In mid 2008 production was completely halted. Input prices were high and supporting policies were lacking. Mixing gasoline with biodiesel in Turkey is not mandatory. Economic reforms following the financial crisis in 2001 and a new direct foreign investment law has improved the investment climate for foreign investors. Current possibilities for the Dutch private sector to be involved in the Turkish biodiesel sector are however very limited. Local demand for biodiesel is low and a clear policy focus on biodiesel is still lacking

Economic feasibility of second generation ethanol with and without indirect greenhouse gas reduction benefits : a simulation for Brazil

The aim of this study is to determine the economic feasibility of second generation ethanol from sugar cane, whereby traditional ethanol production is combined with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production. By applying cost-benefit analysis, this study evaluated the viability of the second generation ethanol technology as an alternative to conventional sugarcaneto- ethanol, both in terms of processing technology, and of land use impacts. Furthermore, an attempt is made to analyze impacts on CO2 mitigation and land use in economic. The research results indicate that: i) from an economic point of view, the first generation plant is clearly preferable. With IRR of 18.7%, Minimum selling price of US$0.31 per liter, and NPV of US$ 213.0 million, first generation ethanol production from sugar cane has a large economic advantage compared to the second generation plant (IRR of 13.5%, Minimum selling price of US$0.40 per liter and NPV of US$ 78.5 million). ii) from an environmental point of view, a second generation biofuel that makes use of lignocellulosic biomass plant is clearly preferable. The second generation plant uses 49.6% less land and avoids a CO2 debt average of 942,282 ton per year throughout the life of the project. iii) Productivity gains improve profitability (IRR) and reduce biofuel prices (Minimum selling prices). Increasing the yearlt Ethanol and sugar cane productivity’s growth rate from 0.5% to 4.0% leads to a range of IRR from 17.5% to 21.5%, and of price from 0.29 US$/l to 0.32 US$/l for first generation plant, and from 13.2% to 14.2% and of price from 0.39 US$/l to 0.40 US$/l for second generation plant. iv) Process improvement shows little economic impact but matters on environmental side because less land is needed. Up to 10% more land can be saved compared to least advanced technology. v) Energy conversion development can improve income of the plant, especially for the first generation plant. Each 5% improvement can lead to 0.6% change in IRR project, and a reduction of 1.1% in the Minimum selling price. vi) Equipment investment is the most sensitive parameter to alter biofuel prices and profitability. The conventional plant is more sensitive to equipment investment, land prices and trash costs in this order while second generation plant is sensitive to equipment investment and almost insensitive to land prices and trash costs changes. vii) Assuming an average payment of US$29.43 or higher per ton CO2 debt, the second generation plant may become a competing alternative to conventional, first generation plant. On average, the technology could be paid at reasonable cost (Revenue average of US$ 27.7 million). viii) Productivity gains reduce the repayment time of CO2 debt, with ethanol productivity having a stronger contribution. Besides, from a growth rate of ethanol and sugar cane productivity from 0.5% to 4.0% per year, the repayment time changes from 11.8 years to a range between 6.5 years and 5.5 years and 13 and 9.5, respectively. In conclusion, the appraisal model represents a useful tool for analyzing many issues related with the dilemmas involved in biofuel production

Monitoring groene grondstoffen

Het Platform Groene Grondstoffen heeft een monitoringsmethodiek laten ontwikkelen waarmee het aandeel biomassa dat bijdraagt aan de economie kan worden vastgesteld. Dit rapport beschrijft hoe de monitor is ontwikkeld en waar nog hiaten in de kennis zitten

Methods to improve biomass quality for thermal conversion

The utilisation of biomass for thermal conversion present limitations in terms of the content of ash and inorganic minerals producing different problems in the combustion systems. Implementing some methods at the growing, harvesting and pre-processing phases upstream in the production chain, increases the fuel value of biomass that will be used for the energy and heat generation. The methods/technologies include: selection of the plant type (species and variety) and plant fraction (leaf, stem, node, panicle), influences growing conditions (soil characteristics, use of fertilizers), harvest (time and method), handling and storage, pre-processing and conversion systems. This document presents a review of these methods, based on literature review, interviews with experts and case studies. Also in cases where is applicable some of the technologies are analysed considering their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

Protocols for spatial analysis to be implemented in the domain editor by WP5 - Allocation of farm types spatially including the new Member states

Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics,

De beschikbaarheid van biomassa voor energie in de agro-industrie

In het Agroconvenant is een doelstelling opgenomen voor duurzame energie van 200 PJ. Van de agro-industrie wordt een bijdrage van 75 tot 125 PJ (bio-energie). De sector vraagt zich af of deze doelstelling wel realistisch is. Het doel van dit project was het in kaart brengen van de kwaliteit en kwantiteit van reststromen uit de agro-industrie die aanwezig of beschikbaar zijn of reeds (in Nederland) ingezet worden voor bio-energie nu en in 2020