Overview of study characteristics.

<p>Sample sizes refer to the numbers of studies, not the number of individual participants.</p>a<p>Studies sometimes classified as more than one category.</p><p>MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PWD, person with dementia.</p

Core principles of study quality assessment.

<p>Core principles of study quality assessment.</p

Summary of quality assessment domains.

<p>This figure shows review authors' judgements about each quality domain presented as percentages across all included studies.</p

Themes and subthemes.

<p>This figure shows the three overarching themes and the related subthemes that emerged from our analysis.</p