Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists"</p><p>BMC Clinical Pathology 2006;6():3-3.</p><p>Published online 15 Feb 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1382240.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Crockett et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> mg/kg), prior to the onset of ischemia (90 min), followed by 3, 6, and 24 h of reperfusion (IR). Nicotine or DMPP treatment was administered 15 min prior to the onset of ischemia and repeated after 3 and 6 h of reperfusion. Sham animals received the same pretreatment as the IR group, followed by sham operation (n = 3 mice each group). "Control" group represents mice that received no drug treatment, and no surgical operation of IR/sham protocol was performed (n = 3 mice). Values are expressed as means ± SEM of = 8 to 13 mice per saline or DMPP group, and n = 4–8 per nicotine group.< 0.05, IR group vs. sham-operated group. < 0.05, Saline-treated IR group vs. DMPP-or nicotine-treated IR group

Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists"</p><p>BMC Clinical Pathology 2006;6():3-3.</p><p>Published online 15 Feb 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1382240.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Crockett et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>, prior to the onset of ischemia (90 min), followed by various reperfusion times (IR). Sham animals received the same pretreatment as the IR group, followed by sham operation. The ischemic liver sections were prepared and stained with H&E. The top row images represent the sham mice, which show normal hepatic histology. The following rows represent mice that were subjected to I/R. A pattern of reperfusion damage is evident by necrosis of hepatocytes in the pericentral and midzonal regions, with relative sparing of the periportal areas. Note the presence of neutrophils in the midzonal region around the central vein. Images are representative of n = 13 mice per saline or DMPP, and n = 8 per nicotine group

Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists"</p><p>BMC Clinical Pathology 2006;6():3-3.</p><p>Published online 15 Feb 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1382240.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Crockett et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>h vehicle (i.e. normal saline), DMPP (1 mg/kg), or nicotine (1 mg/kg), prior to the onset of ischemia (90 min), followed by 3 h of reperfusion (IR). The PCR products were run on 2.5% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, and then visualized by ultraviolet illumination. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Blots shown are representative of four separate experiments with similar results

Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Protection of early phase hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by cholinergic agonists"</p><p>BMC Clinical Pathology 2006;6():3-3.</p><p>Published online 15 Feb 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1382240.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Crockett et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>set of ischemia (90 min), followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Values are expressed as means ± SEM of = 4 mice each group. *< 0.05, Saline-treated group vs. DMPP-treated group